. 2010 Mar 4;12(6):431–438. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2010.00269.x

Table I.

Sympathetic Activity Determination in Normotensive Black and White Participants

Author	Determination Method	Stimuli	Baseline Mean Arterial Pressure (mm Hg)		Sympathetic Activity		Vascular Reactivity
Author	Determination Method	Stimuli	White	Black	White	Black	White	Black
Stein et al., ¹¹ 2000	Catecholamine tracers kinetics	Cold pressor	92.6±3	96.8±3	↑	↑	↑	↑↑
Stein et al., ¹¹ 2000	Catecholamine tracers kinetics	LBNP	91.3±3	96.8±3	↑	↑	↑	↑
Calhoun and Mutinga, ¹³ 1997	Microneurography	Cold pressor	93.0±3	92.0±2	↑	↑↑	↑	↑↑
Ray and Monahan, ¹⁴ 2002	Microneurography	LBNP	86.0^a	90.7^a	↑↑	↑	↑	↑↑

Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. ↑ represents a significant increased value after application of stressor compared to value at rest. ↑↑ represents a highly significant increased value that makes a separation between ethnic groups. ^aMean blood pressure (BP) is calculated from the reported diastolic and systolic values as 1/3 * systolic BP + 2/3 * diastolic BP. Abbreviation: LBNP, lower body negative blood pressure.