Table 4. Factors associated with tobacco dependence among schizophrenic patients at Mettu Karl referral, Bedelle and Agaro hospitals, southwest Ethiopia, 2020 (N = 515).
| Variable | Category | Tobacco use | COR, 95% (CI) | AOR, 95% (CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not dependent N (%) | Dependent N (%) | ||||
| Sex | Female | 147 (84.5) | 27 (15.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Male | 253 (74.2) | 88 (25.8) | 1.89 (1.18,3.05) | 2.19 (1.25,3.83)** | |
| Occupational status | Government employed | 79 (76.9) | 24 (23.3) | Ref | Ref |
| Self-employed | 168 (90.8) | 17 (9.2) | 0.33 (0.17,0.66) | 0.41 (0.17, 1.00) | |
| Unemployed | 153 (67.4) | 74 (32.6) | 1.59 (0.93,2.72) | 2.09 (0.98, 4.49) | |
| Frequency of admission | None | 146 (71.9) | 57 (28.1) | Ref | Ref |
| 1 | 124 (80.0) | 31 (20.0) | 0.79 (0.43,1.45) | 1.32 (0.66, 2.65) | |
| 2 | 92 (81.4) | 21 (18.6) | 0.55 (0.29,1.03) | 1.63 (0.66,4.01) | |
| 3 | 38 (86.4) | 6 (13.6) | 0.46 (0.19,1.12) | 0.67 (0.23,2.15) | |
| Duration of treatment | <5years | 220 (81.2) | 51 (18.8) | Ref | Ref |
| ≥5years | 180 (73.8) | 64 (26.2) | 1.53 (1.01,2.33) | 4.37 (2.11,9.02)*** | |
| Educational status | No formal education | 112 (84.8) | 20 (15.2) | Ref | Ref |
| Primarily school | 117 (78.0) | 33 (22.0) | 1.58 (0.86, 2.92) | 0.59 (0.25, 1.44) | |
| Secondary | 88 (75.9) | 28 (24.1) | 1.78 (0.94,3.37) | 0.91 (0.41,2.00) | |
| Above | 83 (70.9) | 34 (29.1) | 2.29 (1.23,4.27) | 0.73 (0.34,1.59) | |
| Admission history | No | 265 (86.0) | 43 (14.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 135 (65.2) | 72 (34.8) | 3.29 (2.14,5.06) | 4.01 (1.99, 8.11)** | |
| Physical illness | Yes | 25 (65.8) | 13 (34.2) | 1.91 (0.95,3.87) | 1.79 (0.73,4.43) |
| No | 375 (78.6) | 102 (21.4) | Ref | Ref | |
| Alcohol use disorder | Dependent | 151 (80.7) | 36 (19.3) | 1.33 (0.86,2.07) | 1.12 (0.67,1.85) |
| Non-dependent | 249 (75.9) | 79 (24.1) | Ref | Ref | |
| Family history of mental illness | No | 347 (80.0) | 87 (20.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 53 (65.4) | 28 (34.6) | 2.11 (1.26,3.53) | 1.90 (1.04,3.48)* | |
Abbreviations: OR, Odds Ratio; CI, Confidence Interval. Ref: Reference category NB.*Persisted significant at P-value <0.05, ** significant at P-value ≤0.001. *** Significant at P-value <0.0001.