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. 2021 Nov 11;28(1):46–63. doi: 10.1111/cns.13760

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Enhancement of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway in the brain protected against ECM. Intrathecal injection was performed at −1 dpi and 1 dpi. Survival was monitored daily. The survival time of the i.t PDL1‐IgG1Fc group is longer than that of the i.t IgG1Fc group (log‐rank test, n = 13, p = 0.0491) (A) and the improved opening of the BBB showed by EB injection at 7 dpi (B). (C) The mRNA level of IL‐10 decreased in the i.t PD‐L1 group compared with that in the IgG1Fc group. IF‐stained brain sections at 7 dpi indicate descended TUNEL (D) and Ki67 (E) staining. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 indicate that the differences are significant (unpaired t‐test, n = 3)