Figure 1.

Macrophage cell and proposed Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK)-dependent signaling pathways of hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19. ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ASC = apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD); BTKi = BTK inhibitor; Fcγ = Fc-gamma; IКBa = inhibitor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells alpha; INF = interferon; IRF7 = interferon regulatory factor 7; IL = interleukin; MYD88 = myeloid differentiation primary response 88; NF-КB = nuclear factor-κB; NLRP3 = NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; TLR = toll-like receptors.