Table 1.
Summary of the mentioned Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor characteristics and the ongoing clinical trials evaluating their effects in patients with COVID-19.
| Medication | FDA approval | Available form | Approved or recommended indications | Ongoing clinical trials in COVID-19 | Side effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ibrutinib | November 13, 2013 | 70 and 140 mg capsules | MCL, CLL, SLL WM, MZL, GVHD |
3 Studies Ibrutinib for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients requiring hospitalization Study of oral ibrutinib capsules to assess respiratory failure in adult participants with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 and Pulmonary Injury Ibrutinib for the treatment of patients with b-cell malignancies who are infected with coronavirus disease 2019 |
Low platelet count, diarrhea, neutropenia, anemia, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, muscle spasms, joint pain, swelling of the extremities, fever, upper respiratory tract infection |
| Acalabrutinib | October 31, 2017 | 100 mg capsules | MCL CLL SLL |
1 Study Acalabrutinib study with best supportive care in participants hospitalized with COVID-19 |
Headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, tiredness, or muscle aches |
| Zanubrutinib | November 14, 2019 | 80 mg capsules | MCL | 1 Study COVID-19 infection and pulmonary distress treatment with zanubrutinib in hospitalized participants |
Headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, tiredness, or muscle aches |
| Vecabrutinib (SNS-062) | Preclinical and clinical investigation | CLL | No | ||
| Evobrutinib | Preclinical and clinical investigation | Multiple sclerosis | No | ||
| Fenebrutinib | Preclinical and clinical investigation | Rheumatoid arthritis systemic lupus erythematosus, and chronic spontaneous urticaria | No | ||
| Spebrutinib | Preclinical and clinical investigation | Rheumatoid arthritis (Phase II) and B-cell lymphoma (Phase I) | No | ||
| Tirabrutinib ONO-4059 | Preclinical and clinical investigation | NHL | No | ||
| HM71224 | Preclinical and clinical investigation | Autoimmune diseases | No | ||
| ABBV-105 | Preclinical and clinical investigation | Lupus erythematosus | No | ||
| LOXO-305 | Preclinical and clinical investigation | CLL, SLL, NHL | No | ||
| Orelabrutinib (ICP-022) | Preclinical and clinical investigation | Diffuse large B cell lymphoma; Lymphoma; marginal zone B-cell lymphoma; multiple sclerosis; WM | No |
CLL = chronic lymphocytic leukemia; FDA = Food and Drug Administration; GVHD = chronic graft versus host disease; MCL = mantle cell lymphoma; ML = Marginal zone lymphoma; NHL = non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; SLL = small lymphocytic lymphoma; WM = Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.