. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Adolesc Res Rev. 2021 Jan 16;6(4):437–455. doi: 10.1007/s40894-020-00148-9

[Table 7].

Factorial Invariance Tests

Model	Δχ²	Δdf	CFI	RMSEA
Traditional Manners and Etiquette
1 Configural	--	--	.999	.024
2 Metric	29.485^***	4	.949	.113
3 Strong	113.919^***	4	.737	.224
4 Strict	80.15^***	5	.591	.244
Respect for Adults
1 Configural	--	--	1.000	.000
2 Metric	10.199^*	3	.983	.083
3 Strong	6.979	3	.971	.085
4 Strict	9.558^*	4	.954	.087
Parental Expectation of Family Obligation
1 Configural	--	--	.914	.334
2 Metric	2.52	3	.915	.210
3 Strong	6.084	3	.908	.173
4 Strict	4.728	4	.907	.142

Notes:

No asterisk means invariance.

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001