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. 2021 Dec 1;12:793523. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.793523

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

SNPs reported in seed sequence of miRNA involved in diabetes: (A) miR146a with SNP rs2910164 (C>G) raises vascular complications caused by upregulation of inflammatory factors (TNF associated factor 6 and IL1 associated kinase 1) in endothelial cells and induces apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells via NF-kB mediated pathway. (B) Reduced expression of miR499a due to SNP rs3746444 (A>G) provokes mitochondrial stress, impairs insulin signaling via PTEN mediated pathway, and promotes hepatic insulin resistance. (C) The miR124 rs34059726 (G>T) creates complimentary sequence for INSR; causing failure to transport GLUT4 transporter vesicle to outer membrane. This SNP also inhibits glycogenesis process via GSK-3β activation. (D) miR-3188 with rs7247237 (C>T) inhibits PI3K/AKT pathway dysregulating protein synthesis. Its target genes overexpression (GSTM1 and TRIB3) curtails nitric oxide pathway which increases vascular complications and induces β-cell apoptosis.