Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Participants Enrolled in a Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Intervention in Rural Guatemala and Population Comparison, 2018–2020.
| Variable | Enrolled Participants | Populationa | P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female, % | 83.7 | 47.6 | <.001 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 57.3 (12.3) | 53.5 (12.4) | .04 |
| Indigenous Maya, % | 88.5 | 71.8 | <.001 |
| Preferred language is Mayan, % | 56.3 | 23.1 | <.001 |
| Educationc is primary or less, % | 87.2 | 50.0 | <.001 |
| Years since diagnosis, median (IQR) | 7 (3-13) | NA | |
| Glycated hemoglobin A1c, % | |||
| Mean (SD) | 9.5 (2.1) | 8.9 (3.1) | .03 |
| <8.0% | 29.7 | 52.1 | <.001 |
| Blood pressure | |||
| Systolic, mean (SD), mm Hg | 127.8 (21.3) | 116.3 (15.9) | <.001 |
| Diastolic, mean (SD), mm Hg | 79.9 (10.4) | 75.3 (10.7) | .004 |
| Hypertensive, % | 28.8 | 15.5 | .052 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 28.6 (5.1) | 29.3 (5.6) | .37 |
| ≥25.0, % | 78.0 | 77.8 | .98 |
| ≥30.0, % | 37.5 | 35.9 | .83 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NA, not available.
a
Individuals with diabetes from a unique population-based survey conducted in the study area during 2018 and 2019 (22).
b
Student t test for continuous data and proportion test for categorical data.
c
Education was treated as a continuous variable in our regression models but is presented in categories here, because only categorical data on education were available in the population survey.