Table 2.
Characteristics of Sexually Experienced Women 18–39 Years With Available Chlamydia trachomatis Serology Data, by Category of Serological Pgp3 Multiplex Bead Array Fluorescence Intensity Result (Negative, Low-positive [551-median of Positive Results], and High-positive [Greater Than or Equal to the Median Positive Results]), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013–2016
| Total | Negative Sample N | Weighted Negative Prevalence (95% CI) | Low- positive Sample N | Weighted Low- positive Prevalence (95% CI) | High- positive Sample N | Weighted High- positive Prevalence (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 1425 | 914 | 69.5 (65.5–73.4) | 255 | 16.6 (13.8–19.7) | 256 | 13.9 (11.3–16.8) |
| Age group, years | |||||||
| 18–24 | 458 | 297 | 68.6 (62.8–74.0) | 67 | 14.4 (10.7–18.9) | 94 | 170 (13.4–21.2) |
| 25–31 | 452 | 299 | 71.8 (65.9–77.3) | 77 | 15.9 (11.6–21.2) | 76 | 12.2 (8.7–16.5) |
| 32–39 | 515 | 318 | 68.1 (61.4–74.2) | 111 | 19.0 (13.4–25.7) | 86 | 12.9 (9.6–16.9) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 506 | 378 | 773 (72.7–81.5) | 86 | 15.3 (12.1–19.0) | 42 | 73 (5.0–10.3) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 259 | 79 | 29.8 (22.2–38.3) | 66 | 25.6 (176–35.0) | 114 | 44.6 (36.1–53.5) |
| Hispanic | 442 | 295 | 66.5 (61.9–70.9) | 81 | 19.0 (14.7–23.9) | 66 | 14.5 (11.0–18.7) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 138 | 115 | 83.1 (75.8–88.9) | 12 | 9.0 (4.5–15.6) | 11 | 79 (4.0–13.7) |
| Other/multiracial | 80 | 47 | 64.4 (48.7–78.1) | 10 | a | 23 | 26.4 (14.1–42.2) |
| Recent chlamydia | |||||||
| No | 1390 | 907 | 70.5 (66.6–74.3) | 247 | 16.4 (13.6–19.5) | 236 | 13.1 (10.6–15.9) |
| Yes | 33 | 6 | a | 7 | a | 20 | a |
| Recent gonorrhea | |||||||
| No | 1417 | 912 | 69.6 (65.6–73.5) | 253 | 16.6 (13.8–19.7) | 252 | 13.7 (11.2–16.6) |
| Yes | 6 | 1 | a | 1 | a | 4 | a |
| Recent STD | |||||||
| No | 1193 | 799 | 72.0 (677–76.0) | 203 | 15.6 (12.7–18.9) | 191 | 12.4 (10.2–14.9) |
| Yes | 230 | 114 | 58.9 (51.4–66.0) | 51 | 20.9 (15.0–278) | 65 | 20.3 (14.1–277) |
| PID | |||||||
| No | 1354 | 886 | 70.8 (66.8–74.5) | 236 | 16.0 (13.4–18.9) | 232 | 13.2 (10.6–16.2) |
| Yes | 59 | 22 | a | 16 | 28.7 (14.1–475) | 21 | a |
| Infertility | |||||||
| No | 1280 | 837 | 70.1 (66.0–74.0) | 226 | 16.6 (13.9–19.5) | 217 | 13.3 (10.5–16.5) |
| Yes | 144 | 76 | 64.2 (53.3–74.1) | 29 | 170 (10.1–26.0) | 39 | 18.9 (11.7–28.0) |
| Current chlamydia | |||||||
| Negative | 1389 | 909 | 70.5 (66.3–74.4) | 247 | 16.5 (13.6–19.7) | 233 | 13.1 (10.5–16.0) |
| Positive | 36 | 5 | a | 8 | a | 23 | a |
| Income to poverty ratio | |||||||
| <1.5 | 577 | 308 | 572 (51.3–62.9) | 126 | 21.5 (16.8–26.9) | 143 | 21.3 (16.7–26.5) |
| 1.5–<3 | 362 | 240 | 69.6 (61.1–772) | 58 | 16.4 (12.0–21.7) | 64 | 14.0 (9.4–19.6) |
| ≥3 | 413 | 321 | 80.8 (76.2–84.9) | 57 | 12.3 (9.2–6.0) | 35 | 6.9 (4.1–10.8) |
| Marital status | |||||||
| Never married | 433 | 247 | 63.9 (58.9–68.6) | 71 | 14.6 (11.4–18.3) | 115 | 21.5 (173–26.2) |
| Married/living with partner | 721 | 501 | 74.1 (68.9–78.8) | 132 | 16.7 (13.1–20.9) | 88 | 9.2 (6.5–12.5) |
| Divorced/widowed/ separated | 113 | 56 | 54.5 (42.9–65.8) | 31 | 271 (18.0–379) | 26 | 18.4 (10.0–29.7) |
| Education | |||||||
| <High school | 190 | 100 | 53.3 (45.4–61.1) | 55 | 30.3 (23.6–376) | 35 | 16.5 (10.6–23.8) |
| High school graduate/general education diploma | 240 | 133 | 59.7 (50.7–68.3) | 45 | 19.8 (13.0–28.3) | 62 | 20.4 (14.3–277) |
| Some college/associates degree | 498 | 299 | 66.3 (61.2–71.1) | 97 | 178 (14.2–21.8) | 102 | 15.9 (11.8–20.8) |
| ≥College gradúate | 339 | 272 | 84.0 (78.0–88.9) | 37 | 9.5 (5.7–14.5) | 30 | 6.5 (4.0–10.0) |
| Health insurance coverage | |||||||
| No | 345 | 205 | 60.6 (53.7–672) | 75 | 23.3 (18.0–29.4) | 65 | 16.0 (11.6–21.3) |
| Yes | 1078 | 708 | 71.7 (66.7–76.4) | 179 | 14.9 (11.7–18.7) | 191 | 13.4 (10.5–16.6) |
| Place for routine healthcare | |||||||
| No | 285 | 188 | 69.4 (62.3–75.8) | 45 | 16.1 (10.4–23.3) | 52 | 14.5 (10.0–20.1) |
| Yes | 1140 | 726 | 69.6 (65.2–73.7) | 210 | 16.7(14.0–19.8) | 204 | 13.7 (11.0–16.8) |
| Type of place for routine healthcare | |||||||
| Has office-based provider | 1070 | 695 | 70.7 (66.6–74.6) | 192 | 16.2 (13.5–19.1) | 183 | 13.1 (10.3–16.3) |
| Hospital emergency room | 66 | 27 | 42.0 (28.0–56.9) | 18 | 29.9 (18.6–43.3) | 21 | 28.2 (175–41.0) |
| HIV status | |||||||
| Negative | 1422 | 913 | 69.6 (65.5–73.4) | 254 | 16.6 (13.9–19.6) | 255 | 13.8 (11.2–16.7) |
| Positive | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Currently pregnant | |||||||
| No | 1168 | 754 | 70.1 (65.9–74.0) | 211 | 16.7 (13.8–20.0) | 203 | 13.2 (10.6–16.2) |
| Yes | 81 | 44 | 63.2 (50.0–75.0) | 18 | 176 (9.5–28.5) | 19 | 19.3 (9.2–33.4) |
| Ever pregnant | |||||||
| No | 382 | 302 | 82.0 (76.6–86.6) | 40 | 10.7 (72–15.1) | 40 | 73 (4.6–10.8) |
| Yes | 883 | 500 | 62.8 (56.9–68.4) | 194 | 20.1 (16.0–24.7) | 189 | 171 (13.6–21.2) |
| Age at first sex, years | |||||||
| <15 | 235 | 97 | 48.2 (40.0–56.4) | 57 | 22.9 (15.8–31.3) | 81 | 28.9 (21.6–372) |
| 15–17 | 647 | 370 | 63.0 (58.0–678) | 138 | 20.4 (16.9–24.3) | 139 | 16.5 (12.8–20.8) |
| 18–19 | 297 | 228 | 80.4 (73.5–86.2) | 41 | 12.3 (78–18.2) | 28 | 73 (4.0–12.0) |
| ≥20 | 246 | 219 | 91.2 (85.0–95.4) | 19 | 6.5 (3.3–11.5) | 8 | 2.3 (.8–5.0) |
| Lifetime no. of sex partners | |||||||
| 1–4 | 705 | 560 | 84.8 (80.4–88.5) | 82 | 8.7 (5.9–12.3) | 63 | 6.5 (4.8–8.7) |
| 5–9 | 359 | 169 | 55.7 (48.2–63.0) | 96 | 25.1 (19.5–31.3) | 94 | 19.2 (14.6–24.5) |
| ≥10 | 360 | 185 | 574 (50.6–64.1) | 77 | 21.9 (16.9–276) | 98 | 20.7 (15.8–26.3) |
| New recent sex partner | |||||||
| No | 1059 | 690 | 70.5 (65.9–74.8) | 191 | 16.7 (13.3–20.5) | 178 | 12.8 (10.2–15.8) |
| Yes | 294 | 174 | 65.1 (58.4–71.5) | 48 | 15.6 (11.6–20.2) | 72 | 19.3 (14.0–25.6) |
| Sex with a woman | |||||||
| No | 1207 | 797 | 71.6 (677–75.2) | 212 | 15.9 (13.3–18.7) | 198 | 12.5 (10.1–15.4) |
| Yes | 218 | 117 | 58.9 (50.6–66.9) | 43 | 20.5 (14.1–28.1) | 58 | 20.6 (14.8–274) |
| Sexual identity | |||||||
| Straight | 1226 | 783 | 69.3 (65.2–73.1) | 222 | 16.8 (13.8–20.0) | 221 | 14.0 (11.4–16.8) |
| Lesbian/Gay | 25 | 15 | a | 3 | a | 7 | a |
| Bisexual | 128 | 86 | 73.8 (63.5–82.4) | 20 | 14.1 (73–23.7) | 22 | 12.1 (6.6–19.9) |
| Other | 42 | 28 | a | 9 | 23.9 (11.4–41.0) | 5 | a |
| Oral sex | |||||||
| No | 192 | 125 | 70.7 (61.3–79.0) | 36 | 16.4 (11.2–22.7) | 31 | 12.9 (8.5–18.5) |
| Yes | 1232 | 788 | 69.3 (65.3–73.1) | 219 | 16.7 (13.8–19.9) | 225 | 14.0 (11.3–170) |
| Anal sex ever | |||||||
| No | 816 | 544 | 73.4 (68.0–78.4) | 131 | 13.7 (10.2–179) | 141 | 12.9 (9.8–16.5) |
| Yes | 609 | 370 | 65.0 (60.2–69.7) | 124 | 19.9 (16.4–23.8) | 115 | 15.0 (11.6–19.0) |
| Condomless sex in last year | |||||||
| Ne ver | 273 | 181 | 69.8 (61.9–76.9) | 42 | 16.1 (9.6–24.7) | 50 | 14.1 (8.6–21.3) |
| <50% | 234 | 154 | 70.1 (63.6–76.1) | 34 | 12.3 (78–18.1) | 46 | 176 (11.3–25.6) |
| ≥50% and <100% | 252 | 150 | 65.5 (58.6–71.9) | 44 | 16.3 (11.5–22.3) | 58 | 18.2 (13.4–23.8) |
| Always | 561 | 357 | 70.2 (64.6–75.4) | 113 | 18.0 (13.8–23.0) | 91 | 11.7 (9.1–14.8) |
| Ever had genitourinary cancer | |||||||
| No | 1248 | 797 | 69.7 (65.3–73.8) | 226 | 16.5 (13.7–19.7) | 225 | 13.8 (11.0–170) |
| Yes | 19 | 7 | a | 8 | a | 4 | a |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; Pgp3, plasmid gene protein 3; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease; STD, sexually transmitted disease.
a
Denotes estimates with wide confidence intervals per NHANES guidance; thus, estimates are suppressed.