Table 2.
Main and sensitivity analyses of exclusion by neurodevelopmental disorder, mental disorder, drugs or alcohol misuse, and self-harm
|
Main analysis |
Sensitivity analyses |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full cohort (n=414 637; girls=201 789; boys=212 848) |
People with one morbidity (n=41 018; girls=21 161; boys=19 857) |
People with 2–8 morbidities (n=16 912; girls=9702; boys=7210) |
First record at <17 years of age (n=42 734; girls=21 616; boys=21 118) |
||
| OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI)* | aOR (95% CI)* | aOR (95% CI)* | aOR (95% CI)* | |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders (ADHD and ASD; n=13 764; girls=2880; boys=10 884) | 6·3 (6·0–6·6) | 4·4 (4·2–4·6) | .. | .. | .. |
| ADHD (n=8199; girls=1625; boys=6574) | 8·9 (8·4–9·5) | 6·1 (5·7–6·4) | 5·0 (4·6–5·5) | 7·2 (6·7–7·8) | 6·0 (5·7–6·4) |
| ASD (n=7055; girls=1516; boys=5539) | 3·6 (3·3–3·9) | 2·6 (2·4–2·9) | 1·7 (1·4–1·9) | 3·5 (3·2–4·0) | 2·6 (2·4–2·9) |
| Learning difficulties (n=3867; girls=1272; boys=2595) | 2·4 (2·1–2·7) | 1·8 (1·5–2·0) | 1·0 (0·8–1·3); p=0·95 | 2·7 (2·3–3·2) | 1·7 (1·5–2·0) |
| Conduct disorder (n=4417; girls=1434; boys=2983) | 8·6 (7·9–9·3) | 6·0 (5·5–6·5) | 4·1 (3·6–4·7) | 7·7 (6·9–8·5) | 6·0 (5·5–6·5) |
| Any mental disorder (n=37 246; girls=24 328; boys=12 918) | 4·0 (3·8–4·2) | 2·8 (2·7–3·0) | .. | .. | .. |
| Depression (n=22 888; girls=15 198; boys=7690) | 5·0 (4·7–5·2) | 3·3 (3·1–3·4) | 2·1 (1·9–2·2) | 4·7 (4·4–5·0) | 3·2 (3·0–3·5) |
| Anxiety (n=19 727; girls=13 118; boys=6609) | 3·3 (3·1–3·5) | 2·4 (2·3–2·6) | 1·2 (1·1–1·3) | 4·1 (3·8–4·4) | 2·0 (1·8–2·2) |
| Eating disorders (n=1504; girls=1320; boys=184) | 1·7 (1·3–2·2) | 1·9 (1·5–2·4) | 1·1 (0·6–1·8); p=0·78 | 2·5 (1·8–3·3) | 2·2 (1·7–2·8) |
| Bipolar disorder (n=164; girls=132; boys=32) | 10·5 (7·2–15·3) | 7·3 (4·9–10·9) | 5·1 (0·8–30·7); p=0·075 | 7·4 (4·9–11·2) | 6·8 (3·4–13·8) |
| Schizophrenia (n=217; girls=80; boys=137) | 14·3 (10·4–19·6) | 6·5 (4·6–9·2) | 4·7 (1·5–14·6); p=0·0068 | 6·7 (4·7–9·7) | 3·1 (1·6–5·8) |
| Other psychotic disorders (n=327; girls=159; boys=168) | 7·6 (5·5–10·6) | 4·2 (3·0–5·9) | 1·4 (0·4–4·5); p=0·56 | 4·6 (3·2–6·6) | 2·9 (1·5–5·5) |
| Drugs misuse (n=1990; girls=774; boys=1216) | 22·7 (20·8–24·7) | 11·0 (10·0–12·1) | 8·4 (7·0–10·2) | 11·9 (10·7–13·2) | 14·2 (12·5–16·1) |
| Alcohol misuse (n=2434; girls=1313; boys=1121) | 11·1 (10·1–12·3) | 6·3 (5·7–7·0) | 3·3 (2·7–4·0) | 9·3 (8·2–10·6) | 8·1 (7·2–9·2) |
| Self-harm (n=8706; girls=6652; boys=2054) | 8·2 (7·7–8·7) | 6·7 (6·3–7·2) | 4·8 (4·2–5·4) | 7·7 (7·1–8·3) | 7·3 (6·8–7·9) |
All results are highly significant (p<0·0001), unless otherwise specified. Neurodevelopmental disorders comprise ADHD and ASD. The category of any mental disorders comprises depression, anxiety, eating disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychotic disorders. aOR=adjusted odds ratio. ASD=autism spectrum disorder. OR=odds ratio.
*
Adjusted for sex, age, and deprivation.