Table 2.
Prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval)a | ||
---|---|---|
Individual and household characteristics | September–October 2020 | February–March 2021 |
Sex (n = 1240) | ||
Male | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
Female | 0.92 (0.76, 1.12) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.12) |
Age group at enrolment, years (n = 1216) | ||
0–4 | 0.96 (0.90, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) |
5–14 | ||
15–29 | ||
30–49 | ||
50–69 | ||
70 + | ||
Smoking status (n = 618)b | ||
Never smoker | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
Ever smoker | 0.79 (0.54, 1.16) | 0.87 (0.62, 1.22) |
Presence of comorbidities (n = 1208)c | ||
No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
Yes | 0.89 (0.63, 1.25) | 1.00 (0.74, 1.35) |
Physical distancing and use of facial coverings (n = 1215)d | ||
Strict | 1.01 (0.86, 1.20) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) |
Moderate | ||
None | ||
Crowding index (n = 1118) | ||
Fewer than 2.7 people per bedroom | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
2.7 or more people per bedroom | 0.96 (0.72, 1.27) | 0.82 (0.64, 1.04) |
Poverty index (n = 1118)e | ||
Not poor | 0.99 (0.82, 1.20) | 0.94 (0.79, 1.11) |
Poor | ||
Extremely poor | ||
Household member is seropositive | ||
No | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) |
Yes | 3.94 (2.80, 5.55) | 3.26 (2.32, 4.60) |
Based on crude seroprevalence estimates.
Smoking status assessed among participants older than 13 years of age.
Diagnosed by medical professionals as reported by participant, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, malignancy and autoimmune disease.
Strict = never left the house since first cases reported or occasionally leaves the house and always uses a mask; moderate = occasionally leaves the house and sometimes uses a mask; none = occasionally leaves the house and never uses a mask or no distancing or quarantine behaviour.
Poverty index calculated based on the presence of basic needs, including household sanitation, education, economic dependency and household crowding.