Table 3.
Multilevel models for somatic symptoms predicted by music characteristics and covariates.
| Fixed effects | Model 1a) Intensity of somatic symptoms | Model 1b) Impairment by somatic symptoms | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UC | SE | df | p | UC | SE | df | p | |
| Level 2 | ||||||||
| Intercept level 2 | 12.92 | 4.23 | 48 | 0.004 | 15.56 | 4.31 | 48 | < 0.001 |
| PHQ-15 | 1.95 | 0.54 | 48 | < 0.001 | 1.96 | 0.52 | 48 | < 0.001 |
| Level 1 | ||||||||
| Musical valence | − 0.14 | 0.05 | 56 | 0.012 | − 0.14 | 0.06 | 56 | 0.012 |
| Musical arousal | − 0.00 | 0.04 | 56 | 0.96 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 56 | 0.84 |
| Medication intake | 15.20 | 3.54 | 413 | < 0.001 | 20.85 | 3.87 | 413 | < 0.001 |
| Random effects | VC | SD | χ2 (df) | p | VC | SD | χ2 (df) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept level 1 | 137.23 | 11.72 | 220.21 (39) | < 0.001 | 152.72 | 12.36 | 214.77 (39) | < 0.001 |
| Musical valence | 0.02 | 0.14 | 54.14 (47) | 0.22 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 61.16 (47) | 0.080 |
| Musical arousal | 0.00 | 0.02 | 33.75 (47) | > 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 51.42 (47) | 0.30 |
| Residual | 287.17 | 16.95 | 344.86 | 18.57 |
Only significant covariates are displayed. Complete results are reported in Table S2 in the Supplemental Material available online. UC unstandardized coefficient, SE standard error, df degrees of freedom, VC variance component, SD standard deviation, PHQ-15 somatic symptom severity subscale from the Patient Health Questionnaire, Significant estimates (p < 0.05) are marked in bold.