Table 1.

Thermo-physical aspects of nanofluid.

Features	Nanoliquid
Viscidness $\left(\mu \right)$	${\mu }_{\mathit{nf}}={\mu }_f{(1-\varphi )}^{-2.5}$
Density $\left(\rho \right)$	${\rho }_{\mathit{nf}}=\left(1-\varphi \right){\rho }_f-\varphi {\rho }_s$
Heat capacity $\left(\rho C_p\right)$	${(\rho C_p)}_{\mathit{nf}}=\left(1-\varphi \right){(\rho C_p)}_f-\varphi {(\rho C_p)}_s$
Electrical conductivity $\left(\sigma \right)$	$\frac{{\sigma }_{\mathit{nf}}}{{\sigma }_f}$ = $\left[1+\frac{3\left(\frac{{\sigma }_s}{{\sigma }_f}-1\right)\varphi }{\left(\frac{{\sigma }_s}{{\sigma }_f}+2\right)-\left(\frac{{\sigma }_s}{{\sigma }_f}-1\right)\varphi }\right]$
Thermal conductivity $\left(\kappa \right)$	$\frac{{\kappa }_{\mathit{nf}}}{{\kappa }_f}=\left[\frac{\left({\kappa }_s+\left(m-1\right){\kappa }_f\right)-\left(m-1\right)\varphi \left({\kappa }_f-{\kappa }_s\right)}{\left({\kappa }_s+\left(m-1\right){\kappa }_f\right)+\varphi \left({\kappa }_f-{\kappa }_s\right)}\right]$