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. 2021 Dec 15;11:24046. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03458-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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SEM–EDX analysis of a part of the filtered area for a spiked commercial cow’s milk sample (brand C, skimmed milk, 0.1% fat) showing: (a) different yellow zones (numbered 1 to 5) with different types of particles identified in each zone. Zone 1 = PS and PMMA beads; zone 2 = undigested organic fiber with agglomerates of other particles including polymer standards; zone 3 = organic residue and mineral particle; zone 4 = undigested fiber; zone 5 = polymer beads (PMMA, PS) and PA particles; (b) magnified zone 1 showing PS and PMMA beads; (c) magnified zone 2 showing agglomerates of PMMA, PS and PA particles stuck to end of the fiber; (d) magnified zone 3 showing some organic residue and mineral particles; (e) EDX spectrum on the organic residue (X) and mineral particle (Y) present in panels D; (f) magnified zone 5 showing PA particles and PMMA/PS beads.