Table 1:
Clinicopathological characteristics of the preoperative clinical cohorts
| Characteristics | Discovery cohort (n = 25) | Training cohort (n = 82) | Validation cohort (n = 57) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| < 65 years | 15 (60.0) | 31 (37.8) | 16 (28.1) |
| ≥ 65 years | 10 (40.0) | 51 (62.2) | 41 (71.9) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 16 (64.0) | 48 (58.5) | 41 (71.9) |
| Female | 9 (36.0) | 34 (41.5) | 16 (28.1) |
| Pre-treatment CA19-9 | |||
| ≤ 37 U/mL | 5 (20.0) | 25 (30.5) | 24 (42.1) |
| > 37 U/mL | 20 (80.0) | 57 (69.5) | 33 (57.9) |
| Tumor location | |||
| Ph | 19 (76.0) | 48 (58.5) | 37 (64.9) |
| Pbt | 6 (24.0) | 34 (41.5) | 20 (45.1) |
| Pre-treatment tumor size (CT) | |||
| ≤ 4 cm | 15 (60.0) | 41 (50.0) | 52 (91.2) |
| > 4 cm | 10 (40.0) | 41 (50.0) | 5 (8.8) |
| Resectability status | |||
| Resectable | NA | 47 (57.3) | NA |
| Borderline-resectable | NA | 33 (40.2) | NA |
| Unresectable | NA | 2 (2.4) | NA |
| Nodal metastasis | |||
| Present | 14 (56.0) | 59 (72.0) | 32 (56.1) |
| Absent | 11 (44.0) | 22 (26.8) | 25 (43.9) |
| Not Available | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| UICC pStage (ver.7) | |||
| IA | 0 (0.0) | NA | 3 (5.3) |
| IB | 3 (12.0) | NA | 0 (0.0) |
| IIA | 8 (32.0) | NA | 22 (38.6) |
| IIB | 14 (56.0) | NA | 31 (54.4) |
| III | 0 (0.0) | NA | 1 (1.8) |
| IV | 0 (0.0) | NA | 0 (0.0) |
| UICC pStage (ver.8) | |||
| IA | NA | 4 (4.9) | NA |
| IB | NA | 5 (6.1) | NA |
| IIA | NA | 12 (14.6) | NA |
| IIB | NA | 33 (40.2) | NA |
| III | NA | 26 (31.7) | NA |
| IV | NA | 2 (2.4) | NA |
| Adjuvant therapy | |||
| Yes | 19 (76.0) | 55 (67.1) | 43 (75.4) |
| No | 5 (20.0) | 26 (31.7) | 13 (22.8) |
| Not Available | 1 (4.0) | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.8) |
| Recurrence | |||
| Present | 16 (64.0) | 68 (82.9) | 25 (43.9) |
| Absent | 9 (36.0) | 14 (17.1) | 32 (56.1) |
UICC, International Union Against Cancer