Fig. 4.

The influences of the pore size of hydrogel scaffolds on cell biology. a Influence summary of pore size on cellular compartment, molecular function, cytoskeleton arrangement, etc. The figure is made with biorender (https://biorender.com/). b–e Pore size (volume, V₁ > V₂ > V₃ > V₄)-dependent cell stress fiber formation (b, c) and YAP cytoplasm–nuclei translocation (d, e). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Reproduced with permission.²⁵ Copyright 2015, Springer nature. f, g A case focusing on how pore size (pore diameters: 47.0 ± 2.2 μm (Group i), 84.8 ± 11.0 μm (Group ii), 147.9 ± 7.2 μm (Group iii), and 198.7 ± 9.1 μm (Group iv)) affected F-actin (f) and Vinculin (g) expression in mesenchymal stromal cells. Reproduced with permission.²¹² Copyright 2016, Springer nature