Fig. 9.

The effects of other hydrogel properties on cell biology and biomedical applications. a–d Hypoxia-inducible hydrogel design (a) could enhance blood vessel morphogenesis (b, c) with increased correlated gene expression levels (d). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. Reproduced with permission.²⁹⁵ Copyright 2014, Springer nature. e–h D- and L-chiral hydrogel preparation (e) and the induced immuno-responses (f–h), where hydrogels with D-chirality induced adaptive immune responses with CD11b+ myeloid cell recruitment compared to the L-chiral hydrogel in mice. (g *p = 0.0455, ***p = 0.0006; h ****p < 0.001). Reproduced with permission.²⁹⁷ Copyright 2020, Springer nature. i, j Self-healing hydrogel construction (i) and the enhanced angiogenesis via a series of signaling cascades, including integrin clustering, FAK activation, and MMP expression (j). Reproduced with permission.¹⁴⁵ Copyright 2020, Elsevier