Table 2.

Metabolism-targeting cancer therapies.

Target pathway and protein		Agent	Study phase	Effects	Interventions	References	Status
Glucose metabolism	HK2	2-DG	Phase II	Limited efficacy on tumor growth and significant toxicities	Single agent	NCT00633087	Terminated
		LND	Phase III	Limited efficacy and produced more myalgias and fatigue	Combined with epirubicin	(150)
		3-BP	Preclinical	Suppresses tumor growth and improves survival in vivo	combined with the ketogenic diet	(143)
	MTC1	AZD3965	Phase I		Single agent	NCT01791595	Completed
	LDHA	DCA	Phase I		Single agent	NCT01163487	Completed
		Gossypol	Phase I/II	Safe and well tolerated but shown limited activity.	Single agent	(1153)
		Oxamate	Preclinical	Inhibits the viability of cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner		(155)
		FX-11	Preclinical	Block aerobic glycolysis and growth cancer in vitro	Single agent	(154)
Amino acid metabolism	GL1	CB-839	Phase II		Combined with Paclitaxel	NCT03057600	Completed
	IDO	Epacadostat	Phase III	Effect remains uncertain.	Combined with Pembrolizumab	NCT02752074	Completed
		Indoximod	Phase II		Combined with Chemoradiotherapy	NCT04049669	Recruiting
Lipid metabolism	ACC	ND-654	Preclinical	Inhibits the tumor development in vivo, improve survival rate	Single agent; combined with the sorafenib	(68)
	SCD	SSI-4	Preclinical	Regulate tumor-initiating cells and sorafenib resistance	Combined with sorafenib	(182)
		Betulinic acid	Preclinical	Induces rapid cell death	Single agent	(184)
		MF-438	Preclinical	Achieve better control	Combined with cisplatin	(183)