Skip to main content
. 2021 Dec 16;62(5):679–687. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.11.006

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Difference-in-differences estimates of the association between receiving the COVID-19 vaccine and psychological distress.

Note: Each point estimate refers to the change in distress between vaccinated and never vaccinated individuals, compared with their baseline differential in the wave immediately before vaccination. Models control for individual and wave fixed effects, receiving SNAP benefits in the month before the survey, whether the respondent received unemployment insurance in the past 14 days, whether the respondent has been diagnosed with COVID-19, and employment status at the time of the survey. Intervals between waves reflect 2–week periods up to February 16, 2021 (Wave 24), and 4–week periods from February 17, 2021 (Wave 25) onwards.

PHQ-4, Patient Health Questionnaire-4; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.