Table 1.
Outcome Measures | Construct | Cronbach Alpha | |
---|---|---|---|
Primary outcome variables | 12-item Weight and Shape Concern subscales of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) [61] e.g., “Have you had a strong desire to lose weight?” |
Body dissatisfaction | 0.96 |
Three 100-point visual analogue scales (VAS) [62] e.g., “I feel satisfied with my body shape” |
State body dissatisfaction | - | |
10-item Restraint subscale from the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) [63] e.g., “Do you deliberately eat foods that are slimming?” |
Dietary restraint | 0.94 | |
5-item Strategies to Increase Muscle Size subscale from the Body Change Inventory (BCI) [64] e.g., “How often do you think about changing your level of exercise to increase the size of your muscles?” |
Strategies to increase muscles | 0.92 | |
Secondary outcome variables | 9-items from the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESDR-10) [65] e.g., “I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing” |
Depressive symptoms | 0.90 |
Single-item Self-Esteem Scale [66] 3-items from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [67] e.g., “I feel I have a number of good qualities” |
Self-esteem | 0.71 | |
Exploratory outcome variables | 5-items (adapted) from The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 (SATAQ-3) [68] e.g., “I would like my body to look like people on social media” |
Internalization of social media appearance ideals | 0.81 |
5-item Internalization-Muscular/Athletic Subscale of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-4 (SATAQ-4) [69] e.g., “It is important for me to look athletic” |
Internalization of muscular/athletic ideals | 0.93 | |
5-items from the Upward Physical Appearance Comparison Scale (UPACS) [70] e.g., “I tend to compare myself to people I think look better than me” |
Upward appearance comparison | 0.97 |
Internal reliability of scale scores is represented by baseline measurement.