Table. Participant Demographic and Clinical Characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | SARS-CoV-2 group | Noninflammatory control group | Myocarditis | ||
| Virus-associated group | Immune-mediated group | ||||
| Total participants, No. | 19 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| Age, median (range), y | 58 (37-76) | 64 (41-76) | 62 (37-70) | 62 (48-75) | 53 (36-58) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 4 (21) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 | 2 (40) |
| Male | 15 (79) | 4 (80) | 4 (80) | 4 (100) | 3 (60) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
| ≤1 | 15 (79) | 4 (80) | 3 (60) | 4 (100) | 4 (80) |
| >1 | 4 (21) | 1 (20) | 2 (40) | 0 | 1 (20) |
| Coronary artery disease | |||||
| Yes | 1 (5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (20) |
| No | 16 (84) | 5 (100) | 4 (80) | 3 (75) | 4 (80) |
| NYHA classification of heart failurea | |||||
| I | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| II | 4 (21) | 0 | 3 (60) | 0 | 1 (20) |
| III | 10 (53) | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 3 (75) | 2 (40) |
| IV | 4 (21) | 2 (40) | 0 | 1 (25) | 1 (20) |
| Arrhythmiab | |||||
| Yes | 2 (11) | 0 | 1 (20) | 0 | 1 (20) |
| No | 17 (89) | 5 (100) | 4 (80) | 4 (100) | 4 (80) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | |||||
| <30 | 7 (37) | 0 | 2 (40) | 2 (50) | 3 (60) |
| 30-39 | 4 (21) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 1 (25) | 1 (20) |
| 40-55 | 3 (16) | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 0 | 1 (20) |
| >55 | 4 (21) | 3 (60) | 0 | 1 (25) | 0 |
| Intensive care unitc | |||||
| Yes | 4 (21) | 2 (40) | 0 | 1 (25) | 1 (20) |
| No | 13 (68) | 3 (60) | 4 (80) | 3 (75) | 3 (60) |
| Immunosuppressant medication | |||||
| Yes | 2 (11) | 2 (40) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| No | 17 (89) | 3 (60) | 5 (100) | 4 (100) | 5 (100) |
Abbreviation: NYHA, New York Heart Association.
a
Class I indicates that ordinary physical activity does not cause the person undue fatigue, dyspnea, or palpitations; class II indicates that ordinary physical activity causes the person fatigue, dyspnea, palpitations, or angina; class III indicates the person is comfortable at rest, and ordinary physical activity causes fatigue, dyspnea, palpitations, or angina; and class IV indicates that symptoms occur at rest.
b
Includes sustained and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.
c
At time of biopsy.