Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients.
| Mild (n = 23) | Moderate (n = 28) | Severe (n = 9) | p-value a | Post-test p-value b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (F), n (%) | 12 (42.9%) | 13 (46.4%) | 1 (11.1%) | ns | |
| Age (years), median [range] | 68 [20-94] | 77 [43 - 93] | 84 [65 - 98] | 0.0215 | Mi vs Mo.: 0.042 Mi vs S: 0.023 |
| Delay between blood collection and symptom onset (days), median [range] | 5.5 [1 - 32] | 7 [2 - 26] | 8 [1 - 17] | ns | |
| Fever (yes), n (%) | 11 (47.8%) | 10 (35.7%) | 4 (44.4%) | ns | |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, median [IQR] c | 332.5 [314 - 357] | 241 [223 - 275] | 83 [75 - 108] | 0.0001 | Mi vs Mo: <0.001 Mo vs S: 0.012 Mi vs S: <0.001 |
| Oxygen supply, n (%) | 0.004 | ||||
| None | 9 (39.1%) | 3 (10.7%) | 0 | ||
| Low flow | 14 (60.9%) | 25 (89.3%) | 7 (77.8%) | ||
| NIV | 0 | 0 | 1 (11.1%) | ||
| Intubation | 0 | 0 | 1 (11.1%) | ||
| Presence of comorbidities (yes), n (%) | 11 (47.8%) | 25 (89.3%) | 8 (88.9%) | 0.003 | |
| Type of co-morbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Diabetes | 3 (13%) | 8 (28.6%) | 2 (22.2%) | ||
| Cardiovascular diseases | 9 (39.1%) | 13 (46.4%) | 6 (66.7%) | ||
| Hypertension | 5 (21.7%) | 11 (39.3%) | 2 (22.2%) | ||
| Neoplasm | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (3.6%) | 2 (22.2%) | ||
| Respiratory diseases | 3 (13%) | 5 (17.9%) | 3 (33.3%) | ||
| Neurodegenerative diseases | 0 | 1 (3.6%) | 0 | ||
| Hormonal and metabolic disorders | 1 (4.3%) | 5 (17.9%) | 0 | ||
| Obesity | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0 | ||
| Other chronic diseases | 2 (8.7%) | 3 (10.7%) | 0 | ||
| Ongoing treatmentd (yes), n (%) | 16 (69.6%) | 18 (64.3%) | 6 (66.7%) | ns | |
| Type of treatmente, n (%) | |||||
| None | 7 (30.4%) | 10 (35.7%) | 3 (33.3%) | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 7 (30.4%) | 9 (32.1%) | 1 (11.1%) | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine + Tocilizumab | 1 (4.3%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine + antiviral | 6 (26.1%) | 9 (32.1%) | 5 (55.6%) | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine + antiviral + corticosteroids | 1 (4.3%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine + corticosteroids | 1 (4.3%) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Clinical course (worsened), n (%) | 7 (30.4%) | 8 (28.6%) | 8 (88.9%) | 0.005 | |
| Outcome (death), n (%) | 2 (8.7%) | 3 (10.7%) | 5 (55.6%) | 0.008 |
a
Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison between continuous variables; Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.
b
Dunn post-test with Bonferroni correction. Mi, mild; Mo, Moderate; S, Severe.
c
Missing data for 1 mild patient and 1 moderate patient.
d
Ongoing treatment at the time of blood collection.
e
Type of ongoing treatment at the time of blood collection. Antivirals included: darunavir/cobicistat, lopinavir/ritonavir.
IQR, interquartile range; Mild, modified WHO score = 4; Moderate, modified WHO score = 5; Severe, modified WHO score≥6.
ns, non significant.