Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| References | Setting | Study Design | Enrollment period | Patients, n | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Institution | Start | End | R-ISR | L-ISR | ||
| Baek et al. (14) | Korea | Single | Retrospective cohort study | 2007.01 | 2010.12 | 47 | 37 |
| Park et al. (16) | Korea | Single | Retrospective cohort study | 2008.03 | 2011.03 | 40 | 40 |
| Kuo et al. (18) | Korea | Single | Retrospective cohort study | 2009.11 | 2013.07 | 36 | 28 |
| Park et al. (17) | Korea | Multi | Retrospective cohort study | 2008.01 | 2011.05 | 106 | 106 |
| Yoo et al. (15) | Taiwan, China | Single | Retrospective cohort study | 2006.09 | 2011.08 | 44 | 26 |
R-ISR, robotic intersphincteric resection; L-ISR, laparoscopic intersphincteric resection.