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. 2021 Apr 12;163(1):e40–e48. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002305

Table 1.

Genetic predisposition to major depression disorder and risk of pain: the results from Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods # SNP OR (95% CI) P P for intercept or heterogeneity # SNP OR (95% CI) P P for intercept or heterogeneity # SNP OR (95% CI) P P for intercept or heterogeneity
Full set Remove SNPs associated with confounding traits Remove palindromic SNPs
Multisite chronic pain
 IVW 102 1.28 (1.23-1.34) 2.9 × 10 −27 < 0.001 76 1.26 (1.20-1.33) 1.1 × 10 −18 < 0.001 89 1.27 (1.21-1.33) 5.6 × 10 −22 < 0.001
 MR-Egger 102 1.14 (0.95-1.37) 0.16 0.21 76 1.07 (0.87-1.32) 0.53 0.11 89 1.13 (0.93-1.38) 0.21 0.24
 Weighted median 102 1.19 (1.14-1.24) 2.5 × 10 −14 76 1.18 (1.12-1.25) 1.3 × 10 −9 89 1.18 (1.12-1.24) 1.0 × 10 −10
Headache
 IVW 95 1.10 (1.07-1.12) 7.3 × 10 −15 < 0.001 69 1.07 (1.05-1.10) 1.1 × 10 −7 < 0.001 83 1.09 (1.06-1.12) 2.3 × 10 −11 < 0.001
 MR-Egger 95 1.06 (0.96-1.16) 0.26 0.44 69 1.00 (0.90-1.11) 0.95 0.16 83 1.07 (0.96-1.18) 0.21 0.68
 Weighted median 95 1.11 (1.08-1.13) 5.9 × 10 −15 69 1.06 (1.03-1.10) 5.7 × 10 −5 83 1.09 (1.06-1.12) 2.3 × 10 −9
Neck/shoulder pain
 IVW 102 1.08 (1.06-1.10) 6.5 × 10 −17 < 0.001 76 1.07 (1.05-1.09) 3.6 × 10−10 0.002 89 1.07 (1.05-1.10) 1.6 × 10 −13 < 0.001
 MR-Egger 102 1.04 (0.96-1.12) 0.35 0.27 76 1.03 (0.95-1.12) 0.48 0.40 89 1.04 (0.97-1.13) 0.28 0.44
 Weighted median 102 1.06 (1.04-1.09) 4.6 × 10 −9 76 1.05 (1.03-1.08) 9.0 × 10 −5 89 1.06 (1.03-1.08) 2.8 × 10 −6
Back pain
 IVW 95 1.05 (1.04-1.07) 8.5 × 10 −11 0.03 69 1.06 (1.03-1.08) 2.1 × 10 −7 0.01 83 1.05 (1.03-1.07) 3.5 × 10 −8 0.02
 MR-Egger 95 0.99 (0.93-1.06) 0.78 0.06 69 0.97 (0.90-1.06) 0.54 0.05 83 0.99 (0.93-1.06) 0.77 0.09
 Weighted median 95 1.05 (1.03-1.07) 2.3 × 10 −5 69 1.05 (1.02-1.08) 4.5 × 10 −4 83 1.04 (1.02-1.07) 3.3 × 10 −4
Abdominal/stomach pain
 IVW 102 1.03 (1.02-1.04) 2.1 × 10 −7 0.005 76 1.02 (1.01-1.03) 7.5 × 10 −5 0.05 89 1.02 (1.01-1.03) 4.5 × 10 −6 0.01
 MR-Egger 102 1.02 (0.98-1.06) 0.38 0.71 76 1.00 (0.96-1.05) 0.84 0.43 89 1.02 (0.98-1.06) 0.29 0.95
 Weighted median 102 1.03 (1.01-1.04) 9.4 × 10 −5 76 1.02 (1.01-1.03) 2.2 × 10 −3 89 1.02 (1.01-1.04) 1.1 × 10 −3
Facial pain
 IVW 102 1.00 (0.99-1.01) 0.07 0.64 76 1.00 (0.99-1.01) 0.15 0.43 89 1.00 (0.99-1.01) 0.31 0.66
 MR-Egger 102 1.00 (0.98-1.02) 0.73 0.43 76 0.99 (0.97-1.02) 0.51 0.30 89 1.00 (0.98-1.02) 0.79 0.98
 Weighted median 102 1.00 (0.99-1.01) 0.27 76 1.00 (0.99-1.01) 0.40 89 1.00 (0.99-1.01) 0.31
Hip pain
 IVW 102 1.01 (0.99-1.02) 0.06 0.77 76 1.01 (1.00-1.02) 0.02 0.72 89 1.01 (1.00-1.02) 0.03 0.96
 MR-Egger 102 0.99 (0.96-1.03) 0.69 0.39 76 1.02 (0.97-1.06) 0.48 0.86 89 1.00 (0.96-1.04) 0.91 0.54
 Weighted median 102 1.00 (0.99-1.02) 0.67 76 1.01 (0.99-1.02) 0.48 89 1.01 (0.99-1.02) 0.45
Knee pain
 IVW 102 0.99 (0.98-1.01) 0.10 0.01 76 0.99 (0.98-1.01) 0.23 0.07 89 0.99 (0.97-1.00) 0.04 0.02
 MR-Egger 102 0.98 (0.93-1.03) 0.46 0.71 76 0.98 (0.92-1.04) 0.50 0.69 89 0.98 (0.93-1.04) 0.55 0.94
 Weighted median 102 0.98 (0.96-1.00) 0.02 76 0.98 (0.96-1.00) 0.04 89 0.98 (0.96-0.99) 0.01

CI, confidence interval; IVW, inverse variance-weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization; OR, odds ratio; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphisms.