Fig. 3.

Simulation-based study on the denoising effects provided by the individual modules. The subfigures include results obtained from (a) Fourier-based scheme, (b) linear subspace-based denoising, (c) nonlinear manifold-based denoising, and (d) the proposed method. On the top panels are concentration maps of deuterated Glc, Glx and Lac at five time points; on the middle and bottom panels are time courses of dynamic concentration changes of deuterated Glc (left panels), Glx (middle panels), and Lac (right panels) from two representative imaging voxel (marked by the black and yellow circles).