TABLE 1.
Means (standard deviations) of the end-point variables for the TCC and Control groups when crossing obstacles of three different heights.
| Obstacle height (% LL) | Group effect | Height effect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 20 | 30 | p-value | ||
| Crossing speed (m/s) | |||||
| TCC | 0.70 (0.06) | 0.66 (0.7.7) | 0.62 (0.07) | 0.17 | 0.01↓ |
| Control | 0.80 (0.14) | 0.70 (0.12) | 0.64 (0.11) | ||
| Leading-toe clearance (mm) | |||||
| TCC | 183.1 (23.4) | 195.5 (23.9) | 205.9 (24.4) | 0.03* | 0.02↑ |
| Control | 156.1 (34.3) | 168.8 (32.6) | 175.5 (40.3) | ||
| Trailing-toe clearance (mm) | |||||
| TCC | 164.5 (30.4) | 179.3 (43.1) | 173.9 (36.5) | 0.03* | 0.48 |
| Control | 131.1 (44.2) | 134.5 (49.8) | 145.4 (54.9) | ||
| Leading-heel clearance (mm) | |||||
| TCC | 147.0 (39.2) | 153.2 (35.1) | 172.2 (31.5) | 0.04* | 0.01↑ |
| Control | 120.4 (24.5) | 133.7 (24.3) | 141.4 (31.8) | ||
| Trailing-heel clearance (mm) | |||||
| TCC | 340.8 (50.0) | 361.2 (45.1) | 361.7 (44.6) | 0.72 | 0.04↑ |
| Control | 335.1 (48.5) | 344.9 (49.3) | 365.8 (73.0) | ||
| Leading heel-obstacle distance (% LL) | |||||
| TCC | 17.33 (2.8) | 16.43 (3.3) | 15.59 (3.5) | 0.63 | 0.01↓ |
| Control | 19.63 (4.3) | 16.30 (3.7) | 15.20 (4.6) | ||
| Trailing toe-obstacle distance (% LL) | |||||
| TCC | 24.94 (4.8) | 25.35 (4.8) | 24.38 (5.1) | 0.86 | 0.28 |
| Control | 24.94 (4.4) | 24.60 (4.2) | 24.24 (4.8) | ||
| Energy expenditure (% body weight×LL×total time) | |||||
| TCC | 143.1 (22.3) | 148.0 (24.8) | 157.4 (26.0) | 0.04* | 0.01↑ |
| Control | 170.4 (46.9) | 169.7 (33.3) | 182.7 (37.9) | ||
LL: leg length; *: significant difference between subject groups; ↑: linearly increasing trend; ↓: linearly decreasing trend; Total time: total time of the crossing swing phase