FIGURE 1.

Schematic diagram of iron homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Peripheral iron is bound with Tf and imported into the intracellular area through the transport of TfR1, while non-Tf–combined iron is transported by DMT-1 and LTCC. The uptake of iron is internalized by endocytosis. A part of iron mediates lipid peroxidation by catalyzing ROOH into the formation of RO and RO₂ radicals. Other parts of Fe(II) and Fe(III) are transported into mitochondria to conduct peroxidative reaction through Fenton reaction, and eventually upregulate ROS generation.; Abbreviations: Tf, transferrin; TfR1: transferrin receptor 1; DMT-1, divalent metal transporter 1; LTCC, L-type voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels; ROOH, hydroperoxysides; RO, alkoxyl; RO₂, peroxyl; and STEAP3, STEAP family member 3.