TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the included samples
| Sample | Age, mean, years | Age, SD, years | Age range | Sample size N | Number of males | Number of females | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABIDE | 17 | 7.8 | 6 | 56 | 534 | 439 | 95 |
| ADHD NF | 13 | 1 | 12 | 15 | 13 | 7 | 6 |
| ADNI | 76 | 5.1 | 60 | 90 | 150 | 70 | 80 |
| ADNI2GO | 73 | 6.1 | 56 | 89 | 133 | 55 | 78 |
| AMC | 23 | 3.4 | 17 | 32 | 92 | 60 | 32 |
| Barcelona 1.5T | 15 | 1.8 | 11 | 17 | 30 | 14 | 16 |
| Barcelona 3T | 15 | 2.1 | 11 | 17 | 44 | 24 | 20 |
| Betula | 61 | 12.9 | 25 | 81 | 234 | 104 | 130 |
| BIG 1.5T | 28 | 13.3 | 13 | 77 | 1,288 | 628 | 660 |
| BIG 3T | 24 | 7.9 | 18 | 69 | 1,276 | 540 | 736 |
| BIL&GIN | 27 | 7.8 | 18 | 57 | 444 | 217 | 227 |
| Bonn | 39 | 6.5 | 29 | 50 | 174 | 174 | 0 |
| BRAINSCALE | 10 | 1.4 | 9 | 15 | 270 | 125 | 145 |
| BRCATLAS | 38 | 15.8 | 18 | 80 | 153 | 77 | 76 |
| CAMH | 41 | 17.6 | 18 | 86 | 128 | 65 | 63 |
| Cardiff | 25 | 7.4 | 18 | 58 | 316 | 87 | 229 |
| CEG | 16 | 1.7 | 13 | 19 | 32 | 32 | 0 |
| CIAM | 27 | 5 | 19 | 40 | 30 | 16 | 14 |
| CLING | 25 | 5.3 | 18 | 58 | 320 | 131 | 189 |
| CODE | 40 | 13.3 | 20 | 64 | 74 | 31 | 43 |
| COMPULS/TS Eurotrain | 11 | 1 | 9 | 13 | 53 | 36 | 17 |
| Dublin (1) | 37 | 13 | 17 | 65 | 52 | 23 | 29 |
| Dublin (2) | 30 | 8.3 | 19 | 52 | 92 | 51 | 41 |
| Edinburgh | 24 | 2.9 | 19 | 31 | 55 | 35 | 20 |
| ENIGMA‐HIV | 25 | 4.4 | 19 | 33 | 31 | 16 | 15 |
| ENIGMA‐OCD (AMC/Huyser) | 14 | 2.6 | 9 | 17 | 23 | 9 | 14 |
| ENIGMA‐OCD (IDIBELL) | 33 | 10.1 | 18 | 61 | 65 | 29 | 36 |
| ENIGMA‐OCD (Kyushu/Nakao) | 39 | 12.5 | 22 | 63 | 40 | 15 | 25 |
| ENIGMA‐OCD (London Cohort/Mataix‐Cols) | 37 | 11.2 | 21 | 63 | 32 | 11 | 21 |
| ENIGMA‐OCD (van den Heuvel 1.5T) | 31 | 7.6 | 21 | 53 | 48 | 18 | 30 |
| ENIGMA‐OCD (van den Heuvel 3T) | 39 | 11.2 | 22 | 64 | 35 | 16 | 19 |
| ENIGMA‐OCD‐3T‐CONTROLS | 31 | 10.6 | 19 | 56 | 27 | 10 | 17 |
| FBIRN | 37 | 11.2 | 19 | 60 | 173 | 123 | 50 |
| FIDMAG | 38 | 10.2 | 19 | 64 | 122 | 53 | 69 |
| GSP | 26 | 14.9 | 18 | 89 | 1962 | 860 | 1,102 |
| HMS | 40 | 12.2 | 19 | 64 | 55 | 21 | 34 |
| HUBIN | 42 | 8.9 | 19 | 56 | 99 | 66 | 33 |
| IDIVAL (1) | 65 | 10.2 | 49 | 87 | 31 | 10 | 21 |
| IDIVAL (3) | 30 | 7.7 | 19 | 50 | 114 | 69 | 45 |
| IDIVAL(2) | 28 | 7.6 | 15 | 52 | 79 | 49 | 30 |
| IMAGEN | 14 | 0.4 | 13 | 16 | 1744 | 864 | 880 |
| IMH | 32 | 10 | 20 | 59 | 79 | 50 | 29 |
| IMpACT‐NL | 37 | 12 | 19 | 63 | 134 | 52 | 82 |
| Indiana 1.5T | 60 | 11 | 37 | 79 | 41 | 7 | 34 |
| Indiana 3T | 27 | 18.8 | 6 | 73 | 197 | 95 | 102 |
| Johns Hopkins | 44 | 12.5 | 20 | 65 | 87 | 41 | 46 |
| KaSP | 27 | 5.7 | 20 | 43 | 32 | 15 | 17 |
| Leiden | 17 | 4.8 | 8 | 29 | 565 | 274 | 291 |
| MAS | 78 | 4.5 | 70 | 89 | 361 | 137 | 224 |
| MCIC | 33 | 12 | 18 | 60 | 93 | 63 | 30 |
| Melbourne | 20 | 3 | 15 | 26 | 102 | 54 | 48 |
| METHCT | 27 | 7.3 | 18 | 53 | 62 | 48 | 14 |
| MHRC | 22 | 2.9 | 16 | 28 | 52 | 52 | 0 |
| Moods | 33 | 9.8 | 18 | 51 | 310 | 146 | 164 |
| NCNG | 50 | 16.7 | 19 | 79 | 311 | 92 | 219 |
| NESDA | 40 | 9.8 | 21 | 56 | 65 | 22 | 43 |
| NeuroIMAGE | 17 | 3.7 | 8 | 29 | 376 | 172 | 204 |
| Neuroventure | 14 | 0.6 | 12 | 15 | 137 | 62 | 75 |
| NTR (1) | 15 | 1.4 | 11 | 18 | 34 | 11 | 23 |
| NTR (2) | 34 | 10.3 | 19 | 57 | 105 | 39 | 66 |
| NTR (3) | 30 | 5.9 | 20 | 42 | 29 | 11 | 18 |
| NU | 41 | 18.8 | 17 | 68 | 15 | 1 | 14 |
| NUIG | 37 | 11.5 | 18 | 58 | 89 | 50 | 39 |
| NYU | 31 | 8.7 | 19 | 52 | 51 | 31 | 20 |
| OATS (1) | 71 | 5.3 | 65 | 84 | 94 | 27 | 67 |
| OATS (2) | 68 | 4.4 | 65 | 81 | 33 | 13 | 20 |
| OATS (3) | 69 | 4.3 | 65 | 81 | 128 | 44 | 84 |
| OATS (4) | 70 | 4.6 | 65 | 89 | 95 | 23 | 72 |
| OLIN | 36 | 12.8 | 21 | 87 | 594 | 236 | 358 |
| Oxford | 16 | 1.4 | 14 | 19 | 38 | 18 | 20 |
| PING | 12 | 4.9 | 3 | 21 | 518 | 271 | 247 |
| QTIM | 23 | 3.4 | 16 | 30 | 342 | 112 | 230 |
| Sao Paolo 1 | 27 | 5.8 | 17 | 43 | 69 | 45 | 24 |
| Sao Paolo 3 | 30 | 8.1 | 18 | 50 | 83 | 44 | 39 |
| SCORE | 25 | 4.3 | 19 | 39 | 44 | 17 | 27 |
| SHIP 2 | 55 | 12.3 | 31 | 84 | 368 | 206 | 162 |
| SHIP TREND | 50 | 13.9 | 21 | 81 | 788 | 439 | 349 |
| StagedDep | 47 | 8 | 27 | 59 | 84 | 20 | 64 |
| Stanford | 37 | 10.7 | 19 | 61 | 54 | 20 | 34 |
| STROKEMRI | 42 | 21.3 | 18 | 77 | 47 | 17 | 30 |
| Sydney | 37 | 21.1 | 12 | 79 | 147 | 58 | 89 |
| TOP | 35 | 9.8 | 18 | 73 | 296 | 155 | 141 |
| Tuebingen | 40 | 12.1 | 24 | 61 | 53 | 24 | 29 |
| UMC Utrecht 1.5T | 32 | 12.1 | 17 | 66 | 289 | 171 | 118 |
| UMCU 3T | 45 | 15.2 | 19 | 81 | 109 | 52 | 57 |
| UNIBA | 27 | 8.7 | 18 | 63 | 130 | 66 | 64 |
| UPENN | 36 | 13.6 | 16 | 85 | 185 | 85 | 100 |
| Yale | 14 | 2.2 | 10 | 18 | 23 | 12 | 11 |
| Total | 31 | 18.4 | 3 | 90 | 18,605 | 8,980 | 9,625 |
Abbreviations: ABIDE = Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange; ADNI = Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; ADNI2GO = ADNI‐GO and ADNI‐2; ADHD‐NF = Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder‐Neurofeedback Study; AMC = Amsterdam Medisch Centrum; Basel = University of Basel; Barcelona = University of Barcelona; Betula = Swedish longitudinal study on aging, memory, and dementia; BIG = Brain Imaging Genetics; BIL&GIN = a multimodal multidimensional database for investigating hemispheric specialization; Bonn = University of Bonn; BrainSCALE = Brain Structure and Cognition: an Adolescence Longitudinal twin study; CAMH = Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Cardiff = Cardiff University; CEG = Cognitive‐experimental and Genetic study of ADHD and Control Sibling Pairs; CIAM = Cortical Inhibition and Attentional Modulation study; CLiNG = Clinical Neuroscience Göttingen; CODE = formerly Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) study; Dublin = Trinity College Dublin; Edinburgh = The University of Edinburgh; ENIGMA‐HIV = Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis‐Human Immunodeficiency Virus Working Group; ENIGMA‐OCD = Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis‐ Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Working Group; FBIRN = Function Biomedical Informatics Research Network; FIDMAG = Fundación para la Investigación y Docencia Maria Angustias Giménez; GSP = Brain Genomics Superstruct Project; HMS = Homburg Multidiagnosis Study; HUBIN = Human Brain Informatics; IDIVAL = Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute; IMAGEN = the IMAGEN Consortium; IMH=Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; IMpACT = The International Multicentre persistent ADHD Genetics Collaboration; Indiana = Indiana University School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins = Johns Hopkins University; KaSP = The Karolinska Schizophrenia Project; Leiden = Leiden University; MAS = Memory and Ageing Study; MCIC = MIND Clinical Imaging Consortium formed by the Mental Illness and Neuroscience Discovery (MIND) Institute now the Mind Research Network; Melbourne = University of Melbourne; Meth‐CT = study of methamphetamine users, University of Cape Town; MHRC = Mental Health Research Center; Muenster = Muenster University; N = number; NESDA = The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety; NeuroIMAGE = Dutch part of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study; Neuroventure: the imaging part of the Co‐Venture Trial funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); NCNG = Norwegian Cognitive NeuroGenetics sample; NTR = Netherlands Twin Register; NU = Northwestern University; NUIG = National University of Ireland Galway; NYU = New York University; OATS = Older Australian Twins Study; Olin = Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center; Oxford = Oxford University; QTIM = Queensland Twin Imaging; Sao Paulo = University of Sao Paulo; SCORE = University of Basel Study; SHIP‐2 and SHIP TREND = Study of Health in Pomerania; Staged‐Dep = Stages of Depression Study; Stanford = Stanford University; StrokeMRI = Stroke Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sydney = University of Sydney; TOP = Tematisk Område Psykoser (Thematically Organized Psychosis Research); TS‐EUROTRAIN = European‐Wide Investigation and Training Network on the Etiology and Pathophysiology of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome; Tuebingen = University of Tuebingen; UMCU = Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht; UNIBA = University of Bari Aldo Moro; UPENN = University of Pennsylvania; Yale = Yale University.