TABLE 2. Connecting the Dots With Health 4.0.

Application Category	Application Type	Quality Objective1	Effectiveness and Efficiency Objective1	Main Services for Support3	Issues to address4	Cost savings5, 6
Applications for Patient	Patient management	a & d	g	•Security •Privacy •Real-time access •Mobility •Context-awareness •Fault tolerance	1, 2 & 4	•Patient •System
	Patients/People care	a, c & d	b & d
	In-patient care	a, c & d	b & e
	Home care	d & f	g & i
	Personalized healthcare	a, d & f	b & e
Applications for Healthcare Professionals	Management	a, b & f	f	•Security •Real-time access •Mobility •Remote access •Collaboration	1, 2, 3, 4 & 10	•Healthcare Professionals •System
	Scheduling	b	g, h & i
	Access to resources	a & f	G
	Collaboration	d & f	c, d, f & g
	Remote access	a, b & f	b, c & f
Applications for Resource Management	Availability	a & b	a, e & g	•Security •Real-time access •Mobility •Interoperability •Fault tolerance	4, 5, 6, 6 & 11	•Equipment •System
	Allocation	b & f	e & g
	Connectivity	all2	all2
	Eqpt. fault management	c & e	a, e & f
	Automation	all	all
Applications for Healthcare Systems Management	Management	a, b, e & f	c, f, e, g & h	•Security •Privacy •Remote access •Mobility •Visualization tools •Scalability •Collaboration	2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 & 11	•Equipment •Healthcare Professionals •System
	Decision making	all2	all2
	Optimization	all2	all2
	Automation	all2	all2
	Fault management	all2	all2
	Disease & Disaster Response	all2	a, c, d, f, h & i

Notes:

^1.The objectives column uses the list of objectives discussed in Section III. The objectives mentioned are the ones that strongly relate to the application. Other objectives may also relate, but with less effects.

^2.All means that this application affects all parts of an objective and none has more significant impact than the others.

^3.Service support mentions some basic services needed to facilitate this type of applications.

^4.Issues to address are listed in Section IV. Most relevant ones are listed.

^5.Cost savings outline some ways these applications can save costs in the healthcare system.

^6.

Cost savings can be:

• a.
  Equipment: enhancing efficiency, optimizing scheduling and maintenance, sharing expensive equipment, optimizing patients’ diagnostics and treatment requirements, improving public health, and prolonging independence and delaying hospitalization or totally dependent home care for the elderly.
• b.
  Healthcare professionals: optimizing scheduling, sharing experts, automating procedures and streamlining workflow will allow these professionals to focus on their primary jobs. This can also optimize other staffing needs and reduce the dependence on humans in various areas.
• c.
  System: overall operational savings like reducing waste, optimizing supply chain, minimizing paperwork, using remote access, etc.
• d.
  Patients: savings in healthcare systems costs should reflect into reductions of healthcare services costs for patients, reducing the need for continuous human support and monitoring, delaying the need for labor intensive and complicated home care.