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. 2021 Jan 18;9:13266–13285. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3051929

TABLE 5. Comparison Between the LM and BFGS Fitting Algorithms Using the Exponential Weight Function for Russia, Italy, and Brazil.

Country Algorithm MAE NRMSE SMAPE MRAE Inline graphic
Russia BFGS 488155.78 1.24 1.5 1.72 0.857
LM 44215.39 0.21 1.22 0.58 0.947
Brazil BFGS 45801.68 0.122 1.04 0.284 0.994
LM 62419.17 0.277 1.12 0.34 0.995
Italy BFGS 122355.74 2.45 2.7 1.24 0.116
LM 9769.24 1.81 1.3 0.94 0.951