Table.

Summary of Published Ketamine Infusion Studies

Study	Study Design	Participants	Ketamine Regimen	Results	Side Effects
Sörensen et al, 199534	PRCT; crossover (placebo/ketamine)	11	0.3 mg/kg over 10 minutes	1. Reduced VAS at the end of infusion and 20 to 80 minutes after	Short-lasting (up to 15 minutes) feeling of unreality, dizziness, and changes in hearing
				2. Six of 8 responders had reduction in pain for 2 to 7 days
Sörensen et al, 199735	PRCT; crossover (placebo/ketamine)	18	0.3 mg/kg over 10 minutes	Physical functioning ability score (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire) improved postinfusion	None
Graven-Nielsen et al, 2000 (Part 1)36	PRCT; crossover (placebo/ketamine)	29	0.3 mg/kg over 30 minutes	58% of patients had at least a 50% reduction in VAS	None
Graven-Nielsen et al, 2000 (Part 2)36	PRCT; crossover (placebo/ketamine)	15	0.3 mg/kg over 30 minutes	1. No change in VAS duration, reduced VAS pain area, and VAS peak	None
				2. Reduced local pain and referred pain area
				3. Decreased temporal summation
				4. No effect on electrical pain threshold
Noppers et al, 201137	PRCT; parallel (active placebo)	24	0.5 mg/kg or 5 mg midazolam over 30 minutes	1. Reduction in VAS >50% during and at the end of infusion	Mild-to-moderate, short-lasting (approximately 30 minutes postinfusion) drowsiness and euphoria in both the ketamine and midazolam groups
				2. No significant differences in pain reduction between the ketamine and midazolam groups at 2.5 hours, 1 week, or 8 weeks postinfusion
Cohen et al, 200638	Prospective study	34	0.1 mg/kg over 7 minutes, followed by oral dextromethorphan	1. Reduction in VAS >50% in 18 of 34 patients	Short-lasting (approximately 30 minutes postinfusion) dizziness, confusion, euphoria, and nausea
				2. Significant correlation between pain relief with ketamine and dextromethorphan (P<0.001)
Hanna and Smith, 201639	Case study	1	Day 1, 200 mg (plus 10 mg diazepam, 8 mg ondansetron); day 2, 600 mg (plus 10 mg diazepam, 8 mg ondansetron, 6 mg midazolam); and days 3 to 5, 800 mg	VAS at the start was 7/10, and after third infusion, was 0/10; VAS remained at 0/10 for >1 year	Nausea, agitation
Hanna et al, 201840	Case study (fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis)	1	Day 1, 428 mg; days 2 and 3, 856 mg; and days 4 to 10, 1,063 mg	Before treatment, pain was 10 on an 11-point pain scale; after the 10th infusion, pain score was 0 to 1; 2-day booster infusion was administered 3 weeks later when pain levels returned to 40% of pre-ketamine levels; 3 months after the booster infusion, another 2-day booster infusion was administered with pain levels at 30% to 40% of preketamine levels; 3 months after the booster infusion, pain score was 2	None

PRCT, prospective randomized controlled trial; VAS, visual analog scale.