TABLE 3.

The difficulties of implementing GBL in classrooms.

Category	Description	Number of papers	Ref. (DOI/URL)
Infrastructure	The classroom hardware and software infrastructure is backward	4	10.1007/s10956-015-9571-7 10.3991/ijet.v14i16.10701 10.4018/ijgbl.2015010104 10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.007
	The constraints of inadequate and inappropriate technologies	5	10.1007/s11423-017-9552-z 10.1007/s10956-015-9571-7 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.016 10.1080/1369118X.2013.808365 10.1080/13603116.2014.885592
Resources	The quantity and quality of educational games need to be further improved	10	10.1007/s11423-017-9552-z 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106432 https://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.17.1.42 10.1111/bjet.12346 10.1080/09639284.2016.1241951 10.3390/su12208487 10.1080/1369118X.2013.808365 10.1007/s40692-014-0008-8 10.1007/s40692-020-00174-5 10.1007/s10956-013-9436-x
	Lack of instructor-oriented authoring tools for educational games	3	10.1016/j.compedu.2018.09.011 10.1109/TLT.2011.1 10.1007/978-3-319-60291-2_14
Theoretical guidance	Lack of suitable frameworks on GBL within the curriculum	5	10.1111/bjet.12582 10.4018/ijgbl.2015010101 10.1080/09523987.2011.632277 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343228250 10.4018/ijgbl.2015010104
	More appropriate instructional support needs to be designed to integrate games and teaching	5	10.3991/ijet.v8i6.2918 10.1007/s40299-019-00486-w 10.1007/s11528-015-0019-y 10.3390/educsci10090221 10.1109/TLT.2013.2294806
Teacher’s capabilities	Teachers’ instructional design ability needs to be improved	5	https://www.jstor.org/stable/26458512 10.1111/jcal.12438 10.1016/j.chb.2019.05.020 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343228250 10.4018/ijgbl.2015010104
	Teachers’ technical literacy and organizational capabilities need to be improved	3	10.3991/ijet.v9i3.3294 10.1007/s10956-015-9571-7 10.4018/ijgbl.2015010104
	Teachers need to increase the knowledge of GBL	3	10.1.1.593.1566 10.1080/09585176.2015.1018915 10.4018/ijgbl.2015010104
Acceptance of GBL	Teachers’ acceptance of GBL	3	10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.010 10.1016/j.compedu.2017.03.008 10.1007/s00530-009-0174-0
	Learners’ acceptance of GBL	2	10.1177/0735633119887187 10.1111/bjet.12314
	Parents’ acceptance of GBL	2	10.1016/j.compedu.2010.12.012 10.4018/ijgbl.2015010104