Fig 2. Newborn mortality by birth location including expected mortality trend (dotted lines) without the COVID-19 pandemic based on seasonally matched periods prior to COVID-19.

Excess mortality is the amount of mortality seen above what would be expected for trend, calculated as the relative difference between periods divided by mortality in the reference period. 1,234 patients were outborn (born outside Kiwoko hospital) and 1,260 born at Kiwoko (inborn) during the periods of study.