Epstein 1998.

Methods	Randomization and treatment allocation method: yes Blinding of outcome assessment: unclear Blinding of participants: no Study period: not stated
Participants	Number: 40 enrolled Inclusion criteria: 4 months to 15 years of age, ASA physical status I to II, undergoing elective surgical procedures for which mask induction of general anaesthesia was planned Exclusion criteria: not stated
Interventions	No pre‐medication Group 1: 8% sevoflurane in 66% N2O tidal volume breathing technique Group 2: incremental sevoflurane in 66% N2O tidal volume breathing technique
Outcomes	Induction time (loss of the eyelash reflex) Induction co‐operation Complication
Notes	Location: USA Setting: operating room Source of funding: Abbott Laboratories
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "patients were assigned to one of two induction groups according to a table of random numbers"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Information insufficient to permit judgement
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Information insufficient to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No missing data
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Study authors reported all planned outcomes