Martin‐Larrauri 2004.
| Methods | Randomization and treatment allocation method: yes Blinding of outcome assessment: unclear Blinding of participants: no Study period: not stated |
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| Participants | Number: 125 enrolled Inclusion criteria: adult patients of ASA physical status I to II 19 to 65 years old undergoing short surgical procedures under general anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation via LMA Exclusion criteria: allergy or sensitivity to volatile anaesthetics, suspected malignant hyperthermia, abnormal hepatic or renal function test, pregnant female, any condition that may increase risk |
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| Interventions | Fentanyl (1 mcg/kg) before receiving study anaesthetics Group 1: incremental sevoflurane Group 2: 4.5% sevoflurane Group 3: 8% vital capacity inhalation rapid inhalation induction technique and primed Bain circuit |
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| Outcomes | Time to loss of eyelash reflex Time to cessation of finger tapping on the trolley Time to end of laryngeal mask insertion Time to spontaneous breathing after mask insertion Time from mask insertion to spontaneous breathing Time from loss of eyelash reflex to mask insertion Ease of laryngeal mask placement Any side effects occurring during the induction process Severe postoperative nausea and vomiting |
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| Notes | Location: Spain Setting: operating room Source of funding: Abbott Laboratories |
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| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: "This was a randomized, open label, multicentre study with three groups in parallel" |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: "The treatment assignment for each patient number was contained in sequentially ordered individually sealed envelopes that were opened on the day of the scheduled surgery; afterwards the study design was open" |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Information insufficient to permit judgement |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No missing data |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Study authors reported all planned outcomes |