Yurino 1995.
| Methods | Randomization and treatment allocation method: no Blinding of outcome assessment: yes Blinding of participants: yes Study period: not stated |
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| Participants | Number: 68 enrolled. Inclusion criteria: non‐pre‐medicated healthy adult volunteers with ASA physical status I to II Exclusion criteria: not stated |
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| Interventions | No pre‐medication. Unprimed circle circuit Group 1: 3% sevoflurane in O2 Group 2: 4.5% sevoflurane in O2 Group 3: 6% sevoflurane in O2 Group 4: 7.5% vital capacity rapid inhalation induction in O2 |
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| Outcomes | Induction time Time to absence of response to the verbal command Excitatory phenomena (cough, laryngospasm, limb movements, breath holding, secretions) |
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| Notes | Location: Japan Setting: operating room Source of funding: not stated |
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| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | High risk | Quote: "assigned to one of four groups of 17 subjects in sequential order of entry" |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Information insufficient to permit judgement |
| Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Quote: "Subjects were blinded to the inhalation anaesthetic used, as well as its concentration of anaesthetic vapour" and "an independent observer, who was blinded to the concentration used" |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | No missing data |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Study authors reported all planned outcomes |
ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification; ECG: electrocardiography; kg: kilogram; L: litre; LMA: laryngeal mask airway; LPM: litre per minute; mg: milligram; min: minute; Mo: morphine; N2O: nitrous oxide; O2: oxygen; yr: year