Table 1.

Illustration of mean size, PDI values, zeta potential measurements, encapsulation efficiency, and reaction yield percentages of empty nanoparticles, NSO1, NSO2, NSO3, and NSO4 formulations

Formulation names	Size, nm	PDI	Zeta potential, mV	Encapsulation efficiency, %	Reaction yield, %
free NPs	$202\pm 24$	0.080	$-4.92\pm 0.88$	—	—
NSO1	$212\pm 17$	0.101	$-6.57\pm 0.70$	98.6	40.7
NSO2	$232\pm 31$	0.124	$-6.34\pm 0.89$	98.8	48.6
NSO3	$350\pm 42$	0.139	$-7.85\pm 0.65$	80.5	57.4
NSO4	$389\pm 37$	0.164	$-8.29\pm 1.04$	71.6	51.2