Table 2.

Inhibitory rate (%) of FeNPs synthesised using Azadirachta indica leaf extract against various plants pathogenic fungi at different concentrations in vitro

Fungi	Inhibition rates (%)A
	Ai a				Feb				FeNP Ai				FeNP Ai  + Ai
	10 ppm	25 ppm	50 ppm	100 ppm	10 ppm	25 ppm	50 ppm	100 ppm	10 ppm	25 ppm	50 ppm	100 ppm	10 ppm	25 ppm	50 ppm	100 ppm
B. dothidea	27.1 ± 0.5	38.1 ± 2.1	52.4 ± 1.3	67 ± 0.2	15 ± 1.0	32 ± 2.1	40 ± 1.2	53 ± 2.2	30 ± 1.2	45 ± 1.3	63 ± 2.1	83 ± 1.4	29.1 ± 1.2	44.2 ± 3.1	68.1 ± 0.6	82.5 ± 1.2
D. seriata	21.1 ± 2.1	40.2 ± 0.3	63.8 ± 2.1	75 ± 0.5	11 ± 2.1	18 ± 2.1	29 ± 2.1	44 ± 1.6	28 ± 2.1	41 ± 3.5	58 ± 3.1	79 ± 1.3	35.1 ± 0.4	50.1 ± 1.5	68.2 ± 3.1	80.3 ± 1.5
A. mali	33.1 ± 1.0	48.2 ± 0.5	55.2 ± 0.3	68.7 ± 3.1	1.3 ± 2.1	10 ± 2	16 ± 2.0	30 ± 0.5	27 ± 2.0	37 ± 1.0	53 ± 2.0	78.5 ± 1.0	25.3 ± 0.9	40.1 ± 0.2	59.2 ± 2.5	79.2 ± 1.3

^A Inhibition rate =  ${\displaystyle \frac{\mathrm{mycelial}\mathrm{growth}\mathrm{in}\mathrm{control}\mathrm{plates}-\mathrm{mycelial}\mathrm{growth}\mathrm{in}\mathrm{treated}\mathrm{plates}}{\mathrm{mycelial}\mathrm{growth}\mathrm{in}\mathrm{control}\mathrm{plates}}\times 100}$.

Colony diameters were measured at 7 days post‐inoculation: inhibition rates were determined based on four replicates of each experiment represented as means ± SD: inhibition rate of control for each fungus = 0%.

^a Ai  = A. indica leaf extract solution.

^b Fe = Fe²⁺ ion solution.

FeNP ^Ai : solution of FeNP synthesised by using A. indica leaf extract.