Study	Reason for exclusion
Abalos 2009	Recruited participants up to and including ICDAS 4
Abalos 2012	Recruited participants up to and including ICDAS 4
Abou 2016	Artifical caries
Abrams 2017	Thresholds used for histology do not allow for consistent classification of sound, enamel, and dentine caries used in other studies, interesting because it does use Canary system
Amaechi 2013	Used index test to inform "ground truth" so no valid reference standard
Anttonen 2004	Follow‐up to the 2003 study which is included, no validation complete in this study
Askaroglou 2011	Not a DTA study, investigates correlation effects of sealants on fluorescence results
Betrisey 2014	Clear that severe caries were included in the sample
Blazejewska 2016	To be included in transillumination review as index test is DIAGNOcam
Diniz 2016	Included cavitated margins
Gomez 2013	Recruited participants up to and including ICDAS 4
Heinrich‐Weltzien 2005	Study does not attempt to compare index test to a reference standard, therefore not a DTA study
Holtzman 2014	Recruited participants up to and including ICDAS 4
Jablonski‐Momeni 2011a	Selected participants with "the full range of appearances from sound to gross cavitation"
Jablonski‐Momeni 2013	Recruitment strategy aims to recruit dentinal lesions
Jallad 2015	Included teeth with occlusal surfaces of ICDAS 4
Kordic 2003	Table 1 confirms that dentinal caries were included in the sample
Marinova‐Takorova 2014	Not a DTA study, investigates correlation only
Melo 2015	Participants were scheduled for restoration, therefore dentine decay will have been intentionally included
Menem 2017	Methods state that 30 sites were recruited with cavitated lesions, authors confirmed these to be dentinal
Mujat 2003	Not a DTA study
Mujat 2004	Not a DTA study
Nemes 2001	No suitable reference standard
Parviainen 2013	Clear from published figures that sample included frank cavitation
Patel 2014	Included lesions up to and including ICDAS 4
Pereira 2009	Same teeth and results as Pereira 2011, this paper does not report sensitivity and specificity results, instead it focusses on treatment decision
Rechmann 2012	Included lesions up to and including ICDAS 6
Subka 2019	Sample included teeth due for extraction which are described as "advanced caries"
Theocharopoulou 2015	Included frank cavitation
Zhang 2009	Root caries

DTA = diagnostic test accuracy; ICDAS = International Caries Detection and Assessment System.