Table 2.
Patterns of antihypertensive drug utilization from Medicare Part-D drug coverage in 2007, by trial arm.
| Total participants N = 8007 | N (%) receiving antihypertensive drugs who took the study trial class drug as of 2007 | N (%) receiving antihypertensive drugs who did not take the study trial drug as of 2007 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diuretic = thiazide/thiazide-type (randomized to chlorthalidone in trial: 3637 (45.4)) (217 (6.0) on no drugs in 2007) | 1) any diuretic (1 drug) | 2) any diuretic plus 1 drug (2 drugs) | 3) any diuretic plus 2 drugs (3 drugs) | 4) any diuretic plus ≥3 drugs (4 + drugs) | 1) no diuretic (on 1 drug) | 2) no diuretic (on 2 drugs) | 3) no diuretic (on 3 drugs) | 4) no diuretic (on 4 + drugs) |
| Aldosterone antagonists † | 1 (0) | 7 (0.2) | 51 (1.4) | 3 (0.1) | 13 (0.4) | 30 (0.8) | 82 (2.3) | |
| Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor agonist (selective; α-blocker) | 2 (0.1) | 21 (0.6) | 73 (2.0) | 7 (0.2) | 17 (0.5) | 34 (0.9) | 47 (1.3) | |
| Total ACE inhibitor + ARB | 202 (5.6) | 432 (11.9) | 571 (15.7) | 162 (4.5) | 367 (10.1) | 371 (10.2) | 338 (9.3) | |
| Arteriolar vasodilators | 2 (0.1) | 11 (0.3) | 59 (1.6) | 1 (0) | 4 (0.1) | 21 (0.6) | 79 (2.2) | |
| Autonomic ganglionic vasodilators | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Beta adrenergic blockers (β-blockers) | 82 (2.3) | 274 (7.5) | 508 (14.0) | 89 (2.4) | 279 (7.7) | 353 (9.7) | 330 (9.1) | |
| Total CCB-dihydropyridine + nondihydropyridine | 34 (0.9) | 220 (6.0) | 475 (13.1) | 106 (2.9) | 231 (6.3) | 252 (6.9) | 284 (7.8) | |
| Central alpha 2 adrenergic agonists | 6 (0.2) | 17 (0.5) | 121 (3.3) | 8 (0.2) | 27 (0.7) | 39 (1.1) | 112 (3.1) | |
| Diuretics: thiazide/thiazide-type | 82 (2.3) | 366 (10.1) | 539 (14.8) | 626 (17.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Diuretics: loop | 9 (0.2) | 44 (1.2) | 232 (6.4) | 36 (1.0) | 180 (4.9) | 273 (7.5) | 321 (8.8) | |
| Diuretics: potassium-sparing† | 28 (0.8) | 51 (1.4) | 91 (2.5) | 3 (0.1) | 6 (0.2) | 4 (0.1) | 6 (0.2) | |
| Peripheral adrenergic neuron antagonist† | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.1) | |
| Renin inhibitors | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 11 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Total participants | 82 (2.3) | 366 (10.1) | 539 (14.8) | 626 (17.2) | 415 (11.4) | 562 (15.4) | 459 (12.6) | 371 (10.2) |
|
| ||||||||
| Calcium channel blocker (CCB) (randomized to amlodipine in trial: 2189 (27.3)) (134 (6.1) on no drugs in 2007) | 1) any CCB (1 drug) | 2) any CCB plus 1 drug (2 drugs) | 3) any CCB plus 2 drugs (3 drugs) | 4) any CCB plus ≥3 drugs (4 + drugs) | 1) no CCB (on 1 drug) | 2) no CCB (on 2 drugs) | 3) no CCB (on 3 drugs) | 4) no CCB (on 4 + drugs) |
| Aldosterone antagonists † | 2 (0.1) | 5 (0.2) | 32 (1.5) | 1 (0) | 6 (0.3) | 16 (0.7) | 25 (1.1) | |
| Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor agonist (selective; α-blocker) | 4 (0.2) | 7 (0.3) | 53 (2.4) | 5 (0.2) | 10 (0.5) | 21 (1.0) | 24 (1.1) | |
| Total ACE inhibitor + ARB | 114 (5.2) | 237 (10.8) | 428 (19.5) | 99 (4.5) | 259 (11.8) | 220 (10.0) | 100 (4.6) | |
| Arteriolar vasodilators | 0 (0) | 10 (0.5) | 68 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 6 (0.3) | 7 (0.3) | 21 (1) | |
| Autonomic ganglionic vasodilators | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Beta adrenergic blockers (β-blockers) | 52 (2.4) | 141 (6.4) | 386 (17.6) | 71 (3.2) | 145 (6.6) | 201 (9.2) | 103 (4.7) | |
| Total CCB–dihydropyridine + non-dihydropyridine | 93 (4.2) | 223 (10.2) | 322 (14.7) | 471 (21.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Central alpha 2 adrenergic agonists | 5 (0.2) | 17 (0.8) | 105 (4.8) | 1 (0) | 8 (0.4) | 24 (1.1) | 25 (1.1) | |
| Diuretics: thiazide/thiazide-type | 28 (1.3) | 135 (6.2) | 301 (13.7) | 26 (1.2) | 170 (7.8) | 154 (7.0) | 76 (3.5) | |
| Diuretics: loop | 17 (0.8) | 80 (3.7) | 250 (11.4) | 23 (1.1) | 86 (3.9) | 113 (5.2) | 83 (3.8) | |
| Diuretics: potassium-sparing† | 1 (0) | 12 (0.5) | 40 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 9 (0.4) | 16 (0.7) | 12 (0.5) | |
| Peripheral adrenergic neuron antagonist† | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Renin inhibitors | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | |
| Total participants | 93 (4.2) | 223 (10.2) | 322 (14.7) | 471 (21.5) | 226 (10.3) | 350 (16.0) | 258 (11.8) | 112 (5.1) |
|
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| Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) (randomized to lisinopril in trial: 2181 (27.2)) (119 (5.5) on no drugs in 2007) | 1) any ACE/ARB (1 drug) | 2) any ACE/ARB plus 1 drug (2 drugs) | 3) any ACE/ARB plus 2 drugs (3 drugs) | 4) any ACE/ARB plus ≥3 drugs (4 + drugs) | 1) no ACE/ARB (on 1 drug) | 2) no ACE/ARB (on 2 drugs) | 3) no ACE/ARB (on 3 drugs) | 4) no ACE/ARB (on 4 + drugs) |
| 0 (0) | 7 (0.3) | 63 (2.9) | 3 (0.1) | 10 (0.5) | 12 (0.5) | 6 (0.3) | ||
| Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor agonist (selective; α-blocker) | 6 (0.3) | 24 (1.1) | 68 (3.1) | 5 (0.2) | 12 (0.5) | 7 (0.3) | 6 (0.3) | |
| Total ACE inhibitor + ARB | 126 (5.8) | 382 (17.5) | 526 (24.1) | 528 (24.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Arteriolar vasodilators | 1 (0) | 19 (0.9) | 88 (4) | 1 (0) | 13 (0.6) | 12 (0.5) | 19 (0.9) | |
| Autonomic ganglionic vasodilators | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Beta adrenergic blockers (β-blockers) | 92 (4.2) | 292 (13.4) | 434 (19.9) | 72 (3.3) | 105 (4.8) | 91 (4.2) | 35 (1.6) | |
| Total CCB-dihydropyridine + nondihydropyridine | 98 (4.5) | 231 (10.6) | 408 (18.7) | 52 (2.4) | 70 (3.2) | 79 (3.6) | 30 (1.4) | |
| Central alpha 2 adrenergic agonists | 6 (0.3) | 29 (1.3) | 135 (6.2) | 4 (0.2) | 15 (0.7) | 13 (0.6) | 17 (0.8) | |
| Diuretics: thiazide/thiazide-type | 133 (6.1) | 262 (12.0) | 334 (15.3) | 18 (0.8) | 47 (2.2) | 58 (2.7) | 25 (1.1) | |
| Diuretics: loop | 46 (2.1) | 172 (7.9) | 303 (13.9) | 22 (1.0) | 52 (2.4) | 61 (2.8) | 26 (1.2) | |
| Diuretics: potassium-sparing† | 0 (0) | 16 (0.7) | 46 (2.1) | 1 (0) | 2 (0.1) | 17 (0.8) | 10 (0.5) | |
| Peripheral adrenergic neuron antagonist† | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Renin inhibitors | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Total participants | 126 (5.8) | 382 (17.5) | 526 (24.1) | 528 (24.2) | 179 (8.2) | 163 (7.5) | 117 (5.4) | 41 (1.9) |
† Aldosterone antagonists.