Table II.
Comparison of maternal characteristics between pregnant and non-pregnant participants within 1 year.
| Characteristics | Failed to conceive within 1 year (N = 376) | Conceived within 1 year (N = 276) | P † |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Mean (SD) or
N (%) |
Mean (SD) or
N (%) |
||
| Age, (years) | 31.0 (3.9) | 30.0 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Chinese | 286 (76.1%) | 207 (75.0%) | 0.22 |
| Malay | 50 (13.3%) | 33 (12.0%) | |
| Indian | 32 (8.5%) | 22 (8.0%) | |
| Others | 8 (2.1%) | 14 (5.1%) | |
| Maternal college degree | |||
| Yes | 241 (64.1%) | 192 (69.6%) | 0.17 |
| Nulliparity | |||
| Yes | 246 (65.4%) | 166 (60.1%) | 0.19 |
| Cycle length, days | |||
| <28 | 20 (5.3%) | 8 (2.9%) | 0.09 |
| 28–30 | 182 (48.4%) | 120 (43.5%) | |
| >30 | 174 (46.3%) | 148 (53.6%) | |
| Cycle regularity (variation of menstrual interval ≤ 5 days), | |||
| Yes | 247 (65.7%) | 185 (67.0%) | 0.79 |
| Age at menarche, years | 12.5 (1.6) | 12.2 (1.3) | 0.01 |
| Age at menarche | |||
| <12 years | 88 (23.7%) | 86 (31.4%) | 0.05 |
| 12–13 years | 196 (52.8%) | 140 (51.1%) | |
| >13 years | 87 (23.5%) | 48 (17.5%) | |
| BMI at study entry | |||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 170 (45.3%) | 151 (54.9%) | 0.06 |
| 18.5–22.9 kg/m2 | 44 (11.7%) | 20 (7.3%) | |
| 23.0–27.4 kg/m2 | 100 (26.7%) | 62 (22.5%) | |
| ≥27.5 kg/m2 | 61 (16.3%) | 42 (15.3%) | |
| SBP, mmHg | 104.6 (9.8) | 103.8 (8.3) | 0.24 |
| DBP, mmHg | 68.4 (8.3) | 67.5 (7.4) | 0.14 |
| Fasting plasma glucose level at study entry ≥5.1 mmol/L | |||
| Yes | 75 (19.9%) | 36 (13.1%) | 0.03 |
| Physical activity | |||
| Inactive | 52 (13.9%) | 48 (17.5%) | 0.13 |
| Minimally active | 202 (53.9%) | 126 (46.0%) | |
| HEPA active | 121 (32.3%) | 100 (36.5%) | |
| Micronutrient dietary supplements intake | |||
| Yes | 245 (65.3%) | 185 (67.0%) | 0.71 |
| Smoking exposure | |||
| Past or current | 34 (9.0%) | 20 (7.2%) | 0.50 |
| Alcohol intake | |||
| Past or current | 272 (72.3%) | 186 (67.4%) | 0.20 |
| Anxiety (STAI score ≥ 75th percentile) | |||
| Yes | 88 (26.0%) | 62 (24.0%) | 0.64 |
| Depression (EPDS score ≥14) | |||
| Yes | 37 (10.8%) | 20 (7.7%) | 0.26 |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HEPA, health enhancing physical activity; STAI, state trait anxiety inventory; EPDS, Edinburgh postnatal depression scale.
†Student’s t-test for parametric test while Wilcoxon rank-sum test for non-parametric.