TABLE 1.
Study sites and relevant methods for each site
| Study site | Target population | Sample and recruitment | Weighting | Representative of state | Dates in field |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | General population | Convenience sample. Recruitment via social media and community organizations | No weighting | No | June–July 2020 |
| Arizona | General population | Representative sample with survey panel (on race, ethnicity) with oversampling of low-income population with Qualtrics | Weighted on income | Yes | July–August 2020 |
| California-Bay Area | General population | Convenience sample. Recruitment via social media and community organizations | No weighting | No | August– November 2020 |
| Chicago/Illinois | High-risk population | High-risk sample. Survey panel sampling with Qualtrics to meet specific race, ethnicity, income, and education quotas. Oversampled low-income population (50%), black (50%), Hispanic (50%), and 50% high school education or less | No weighting | No | June–July 2020 |
| Connecticut | Oversampled low-income population | High-risk sample. Survey panel with oversampled low-income population, but representative on race and ethnicity with Qualtrics | No weighting | No | August 2020 |
| Maine | General population | Representative sample with survey panel (income) with Qualtrics | No weighting | Yes | August–September 2020 |
| Maryland | General population | Representative sample with survey panel (on race, ethnicity, and income) with Qualtrics | No weighting | Yes | July–September 2020 |
| Massachusetts | General population | Representative sample with survey panel (on race, ethnicity, education, age, gender, geographic region) with oversampling of low-income population with Qualtrics | Weighted on household income, age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, geographic region | Yes | October 2020 – January 2021 |
| Michigan | General population | Convenience sample. Recruitment via social media | No weighting | No | June 2020 |
| National | General population | Representative sample with survey panel (on race, ethnicity) and oversampling of low-income population with Qualtrics | Weighted on income | Yes | July–August 2020 |
| New Mexico | General population | Convenience sample. Recruitment via social media and community organizations | No weighting | No | May–June 2020 |
| New York City (May/June) | High-risk population | High-risk sample. Nested quota via social media campaign, community-based organizations, convenience sample, and survey consumer panel sampling via Qualtrics to meet specific race/ethnicity, income, and education quotas. This includes an oversampling of blacks (50%), Hispanics (50%), high school education or less (50%), and low income (50% below $25,000 annual income before taxes) | No weighting | No | May–June 2020 |
| New York City (July/August) | High-risk population | High-risk sample. Nonproportional quota sample, recruited by Qualtrics. Oversampled low-income population (50%), black (40%), Hispanic (40%), Native American (20%), and 50% high school education or less | No weighting | No | July–August 2020 |
| NY State except NYC | High-risk population | High-risk sample. Nonproportional quota sample recruited by Qualtrics. Quotas: low income or low education (50%), black (50%), and Hispanic (50%) | No weighting | No | July–September 2020 |
| NY-Capital Region (Oct–Jan) | General population | Representative sample with survey panel (on race, ethnicity, and income) with Qualtrics | No weighting | Yes | October 2020–January 2021 |
| NY-Capital Region (Jan/Feb) | General population | Convenience sample. Recruitment via social media and community organizations | No weighting | No | January–February 2021 |
| NY Central/Upstate | General population | Convenience sample. Recruitment via listservs, social media, community organizations | No weighting | No | October–December 2020 |
| Utah | High-risk population | Convenience sample. Recruited Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants through state listserv of current SNAP recipients | No weighting | No | July–September 2020 |
| Vermont (March/April) | General population | Convenience sample. Recruitment via listservs, social media, community organizations | No weighting | No | March–April 2020 |
| Vermont1 (May/June) | General population | Convenience sample. Recruitment via listservs, social media, community organizations | No weighting | No | May–June 2020 |
| Vermont (August/Sept) | General population | Representative sample with survey panel (on race, ethnicity, and income) with Qualtrics | No weighting | Yes | July–September 2020 |
| Washington State (June/July) | General population | Convenience sample. Recruitment via listservs, social media, community organizations | No weighting | No | June–July 2020 |
| Washington State (Dec/Jan) | General population | Convenience sample. Recruitment via listservs, social media, community organizations, recontact of wave respondents | No weighting | No | December 2020–January 2021 |
| Wisconsin | General population | Representative sample with survey panel (on race, ethnicity, and income) with Qualtrics. Oversample Milwaukee area | No weighting | Yes | July–October 2020 |
1
Longitudinal sample of a subset of the same people who responded to the Vermont March/April survey