Table 1.
Baseline sample characteristics
| CU Aβ− (n = 217) | CU Aβ+ (n = 71) | CI Aβ+ (n = 78) | CI Aβ− (n = 63) | Non-AD (n = 75) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 63.8 (41.2–87.9) | 72.1 (51.0–88.7) | 73.0 (53.7–93.3) | 67.9 (45.2–83.4) | 73.5 (52.5–87.3) | <0.001 |
| Sex, male/female | 98/119 | 35/36 | 34/44 | 36/27 | 50/25 | 0.369 |
| Education | 12.4 (6–25) | 11.5 (7–19) | 13.0 (6–33) | 11.9 (7–20) | 11.6 (7–22) | 0.069 |
| MMSE | 28.9 (26–30) | 28.9 (24–30) | 26.5 (18–30) | 27.3 (23–30) | 23.1 (10–30) | <0.001 |
| APOE ε4 (%) | 38.7 | 70.4 | 76.9 | 28.6 | 31 | <0.001 |
| CSF Aβ42/40 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.55 (0.3–0.7) | 0.52 (0.3–0.7) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.92 (0.4–1.3) | <0.001 |
| Plasma GFAP (pg/ml) | 179.6 (31.1–534.9) | 252.1 (86.1–672.9) | 262.6 (94.0–650.7) | 166.9 (24.5–476.0) | 241.7 (76.6–823.7) | <0.001 |
| CSF GFAP (pg/ml) | 13.5 (4.3–34.6) | 16.1 (5.8–35.1) | 17.7 (5.5–35.6) | 14.7 (5.4–31.2) | 18.4 (8.2–40.6) | <0.001 |
| CSF YKL40 (ng/ml)a | 162.0 (38.3–458.2) | 211.2 (80.9–374.8) | 220.3 (63.9–523.5) | 184.6 (68.1–371.0) | 221.1 (79.3–517.8) | <0.001 |
| CSF sTREM2 (ng/ml)b | 10.3 (4.9–22.9) | 12.3 (4.7–21.9) | 11.5 (5.5–29.6) | 10.8 (6.2–24.7) | 12.2 (6.7–20.1) | <0.001 |
| Global | 0.61 (0.5–0.9) | 0.85 (0.6–1.3) | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | 0.62 (0.5–0.7) | – | <0.001 |
| Aβ-PET SUVR | ||||||
| Braak I–II | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.28 (0.9–1.9) | 1.6 (1.0–3.1) | 1.13 (0.9–1.5) | 1.3 (0.8–3.3) | <0.001 |
| Tau-PET SUVR | ||||||
| Braak III–IV | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.20 (1.0–1.6) | 1.5 (1.0–3.2) | 1.14 (0.8–1.3) | 1.2 (0.9–2.0) | <0.001 |
| Tau-PET SUVR | ||||||
| Braak V–VI | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 1.02 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | <0.001 |
| Tau-PET SUVR |
Data are presented as median (range). P-values were derived from Kruskal–Wallis tests for continuous non-normally distributed measures and chi-squared tests for categorical measures. Aβ = amyloid-β; AD = Alzheimer's disease; CI = cognitively impaired; CU = cognitively unimpaired.
a
YKL-40 values were missing for two participants (one cognitively unimpaired amyloid-β-positive, one cognitively impaired amyloid-β-positive).
b
sTREM2 values were missing for two participants (one cognitively impaired amyloid-β-positive, one non-Alzheimer’s disease).