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. 2021 Jun 28;106(11):e4427–e4437. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab476

Table 2.

Percentage changes (95% CIs) in serum concentrations of sex hormones for a doubling in and by tertiles of PFAS concentrations

PFAS Per doubling in PFAS concentrations Tertiles of PFAS concentrations P for trend
T1 T2 T3
FSH
 n-PFOA 3.12 (0.37, 5.95)** Ref 1.88 (−3.48, 7.53) 6.74 (0.88, 12.94)** 0.02
 PFNA 1.17 (−1.35, 3.75) Ref −2.09 (−7.01, 3.08) 1.09 (−4.50, 7.01) 0.72
 PFHxS −0.03 (−1.96, 1.94) Ref 0.22 (−4.92, 5.63) 0.17 (−5.22, 5.87) 0.95
 n-PFOS 2.88 (0.21, 5.63)** Ref −0.21 (−5.26, 5.11) 4.87 (−0.67, 10.72)* 0.09
 Sm-PFOS 2.25 (0.02, 4.53)** Ref −0.08 (−5.24, 5.35) 4.54 (−1.10, 10.51) 0.11
 Total PFOS 3.03 (0.37, 5.76)** Ref −0.67 (−5.71, 4.64) 4.07 (−1.44, 9.89) 0.16
 MeFOSAA 0.13 (−2.09, 2.40) Ref −1.53 (−6.68, 3.91) 0.66 (−4.87, 6.50) 0.80
 EtFOSAA 1.70 (0.01, 3.42)** Ref −0.09 (−5.27, 5.39) 5.64 (−0.17, 11.78)* 0.05
E2
 n-PFOA −2.43 (−4.97, 0.18)* Ref −5.62 (−10.44, −0.55)** −4.02 (−9.15, 1.41) 0.16
 PFNA −2.47 (−4.82, −0.05)** Ref −0.70 (−5.52, 4.37) −6.59 (−11.6, −1.30)** 0.02
 PFHxS −0.86 (−2.72, 1.03) Ref −1.45 (−6.35, 3.71) −1.74 (−6.87, 3.68) 0.52
 n-PFOS −1.82 (−4.31, 0.75) Ref 1.20 (−3.79, 6.44) −3.05 (−8.04, 2.20) 0.26
 Sm-PFOS −1.27 (−3.38, 0.88) Ref −2.94 (−7.81, 2.18) −1.75 (−6.92, 3.70) 0.53
 Total PFOS −1.72 (−4.20, 0.83) Ref −0.90 (−5.79, 4.25) −1.76 (−6.83, 3.59) 0.51
 MeFOSAA 0.97 (−1.21, 3.21) Ref 4.42 (−0.88, 10.01) −0.66 (−5.97, 4.94) 0.75
 EtFOSAA 0.37 (−1.26, 2.04) Ref 0.09 (−4.97, 5.42) −0.34 (−5.69, 5.32) 0.90
Testosterone
 n-PFOA 0.31 (−2.68, 3.39) Ref −0.53 (−6.35, 5.65) −0.87 (−6.93, 5.59) 0.79
 PFNA 2.20 (−0.62, 5.11) Ref 2.75 (−2.98, 8.82) 3.81 (−2.57, 10.62) 0.25
 PFHxS 0.90 (−1.27, 3.12) Ref −3.99 (−9.46, 1.82) 1.08 (−4.95, 7.50) 0.74
 n-PFOS 1.40 (−1.53, 4.42) Ref 3.31 (−2.52, 9.48) 2.81 (−3.23, 9.23) 0.36
 Sm-PFOS 0.52 (−1.92, 3.02) Ref 6.08 (−0.01, 12.54)* −0.41 (−6.37, 5.94) 0.87
 Total PFOS 1.22 (−1.69, 4.21) Ref 2.69 (−3.11, 8.85) 2.56 (−3.47, 8.97) 0.41
 MeFOSAA −1.55 (−3.99, 0.95) Ref −2.83 (−8.48, 3.17) −3.32 (−9.25, 2.99) 0.30
 EtFOSAA −1.51 (−3.34, 0.35) Ref 0.00 (−5.80, 6.16) −5.54 (−11.32, 0.63)* 0.07
SHBG
 n-PFOA 0.86 (−2.18, 4.00) Ref 0.72 (−5.28, 7.10) 1.25 (−5.03, 7.95) 0.71
 PFNA 0.18 (−2.65, 3.09) Ref 1.20 (−4.54, 7.29) −1.74 (−7.88, 4.81) 0.60
 PFHxS 0.39 (−1.81, 2.63) Ref −1.22 (−6.95, 4.86) 1.04 (−5.11, 7.58) 0.75
 n-PFOS 0.98 (−1.99, 4.03) Ref 8.82 (2.60, 15.41)*** 2.88 (−3.24, 9.39) 0.33
 Sm-PFOS 0.20 (−2.27, 2.73) Ref −0.45 (−6.26, 5.73) 0.23 (−5.88, 6.73) 0.94
 Total PFOS 0.92 (−2.02, 3.95) Ref 6.94 (0.81, 13.44)** 2.46 (−3.65, 8.96) 0.41
 MeFOSAA 1.73 (−0.82, 4.34) Ref −0.37 (−6.25, 5.89) 4.23 (−2.22, 11.12) 0.19
 EtFOSAA 1.14 (−0.76, 3.08) Ref 0.63 (−5.28, 6.92) 4.13 (−2.32, 11.02) 0.21

Models adjusted for age (time-varying), race/ethnicity, site, smoking status, parity, menopausal status (time-varying), and BMI (time-varying).

Abbreviations: E2, estradiol; EtFOSAA, 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; MeFOSAA, 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate; n-PFOA, linear perfluorooctanoate; PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonate; PFNA, perfluorononanoate; n-PFOS, linear perfluorooctane sulfonate; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; Sm-PFOS, sum of perfluoromethylheptane sulfonate isomers. *P < 0.10; **P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01.