TABLE 2.
Multivariable-adjusted associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, fat mass, lean mass, and adiponectin with endothelial function, arterial elasticity, and arterial stiffness.
| n = 5566 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P | β (95% CI) | P | |
| Flow-mediated dilation (%) | ||||||||||
| CRF (W) | −0.008 (−0.021 to 0.005) | 0.216 | −0.008 (−0.021 to 0.005) | 0.232 | −0.001 (−0.015 to 0.012) | 0.827 | 0.002 (−0.011 to 0.014) | 0.791 | 0.002 (−0.011 to 0.014) | 0.806 |
| CRF per BM0.21 (W·kg BM−0.21) | −0.011 (−0.039 to 0.017) | 0.427 | −0.012 (−0.040 to 0.016) | 0.408 | −0.008 (−0.036 to 0.020) | 0.579 | <0.0001 (−0.027 to 0.027) | 0.999 | −0.001 (−0.028 to 0.026) | 0.953 |
| CRF per LM0.54 (W·kg LM−0.54) | 0.010 (−0.071 to 0.091) | 0.813 | 0.009 (−0.072 to 0.090) | 0.826 | −0.005 (−0.086 to 0.076) | 0.912 | −0.006 (−0.084 to 0.072) | 0.888 | −0.010 (−0.088 to 0.069) | 0.811 |
| Adiponectina (μg·mL−1) | −0.045 (−0.298 to 0.208) | 0.726 | −0.048 (−0.303 to 0.206) | 0.708 | −0.113 (−0.370 to 0.143) | 0.384 | −0.188 (−0.439 to 0.062) | 0.139 | −0.183 (−0.431 to 0.064) | 0.146 |
| Total fat massa (kg) | −0.032 (−0.197 to 0.134) | 0.708 | −0.030 (−0.196 to 0.136) | 0.719 | 0.178 (−0.011 to 0.368) | 0.065 | 0.535 (0.366 to 0.704) | <0.0001 | 0.585 (0.401 to 0.769) | <0.0001 |
| Trunk fat massa (kg) | 0.013 (−0.128 to 0.154) | 0.859 | 0.014 (−0.128 to 0.155) | 0.848 | 0.200 (0.039 to 0.361) | 0.015 | 0.489 (0.344 to 0.634) | <0.0001 | 0.535 (0.377 to 0.693) | <0.0001 |
| Lean mass (kg) | −0.064 (−0.094 to −0.034) | <0.0001 | −0.080 (−0.114 to −0.045) | <0.0001 | −0.064 (−0.094 to −0.034) | <0.0001 | 0.041 (0.006 to 0.077) | 0.022 | 0.047 (0.011 to 0.084) | 0.011 |
| Distensibility coefficienta (% per mm Hg) | ||||||||||
| CRF (W) | 0.002 (<0.0001 to 0.004) | 0.085 | 0.002 (<0.0001 to 0.004) | 0.109 | 0.001 (−0.001 to 0.003) | 0.160 | 0.002 (<0.0001 to 0.004) | 0.053 | 0.002 (<0.0001 to 0.004) | 0.057 |
| CRF per BM0.21 (W·kg BM−0.21) | 0.003 (−0.001 to 0.007) | 0.093 | 0.004 (<0.0001 to 0.008) | 0.076 | 0.003 (−0.001 to 0.007) | 0.111 | 0.004 (<0.0001 to 0.008) | 0.044 | 0.004 (<0.0001 to 0.008) | 0.046 |
| CRF per LM0.54 (W·kg LM−0.54) | 0.009 (−0.003 to 0.021) | 0.144 | 0.009 (−0.003 to 0.021) | 0.129 | 0.010 (−0.002 to 0.022) | 0.109 | 0.009 (−0.003 to 0.020) | 0.156 | 0.009 (−0.003 to 0.021) | 0.151 |
| Adiponectina (μg·mL−1) | −0.006 (−0.039 to 0.026) | 0.697 | −0.005 (−0.038 to 0.027) | 0.759 | −0.003 (−0.036 to 0.030) | 0.868 | −0.010 (−0.043 to 0.022) | 0.528 | −0.009 (−0.042 to 0.024) | 0.589 |
| Total fat massa (kg) | 0.014 (−0.009 to 0.037) | 0.222 | 0.015 (−0.008 to 0.038) | 0.192 | 0.006 (−0.020 to 0.032) | 0.649 | 0.037 (0.013 to 0.061) | 0.003 | 0.043 (0.017 to 0.070) | 0.001 |
| Trunk fat massa (kg) | 0.013 (−0.006 to 0.033) | 0.170 | 0.014 (−0.005 to 0.033) | 0.145 | 0.007 (−0.015 to 0.029) | 0.528 | 0.033 (0.012 to 0.053) | 0.002 | 0.038 (0.016 to 0.060) | 0.001 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 0.004 (<0.0001 to 0.008) | 0.084 | 0.003 (−0.002 to 0.008) | 0.201 | 0.004 (<0.0001 to 0.008) | 0.060 | 0.009 (0.004 to 0.014) | 0.001 | 0.009 (0.004 to 0.014) | 0.001 |
| Carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (m·s−1) | ||||||||||
| CRF (W) | −0.009 (−0.015 to −0.004) | 0.002 | −0.005 (−0.010 to <0.0001) | 0.031 | −0.005 (−0.011 to <0.0001) | 0.040 | −0.004 (−0.009 to 0.001) | 0.096 | −0.004 (−0.009 to 0.001) | 0.096 |
| CRF per BM0.21 (W·kg BM−0.21) | −0.006 (−0.016 to 0.004) | 0.248 | −0.011 (−0.021 to −0.001) | 0.031 | −0.004 (−0.014 to 0.006) | 0.455 | −0.010 (−0.020 to −0.001) | 0.064 | −0.009 (−0.019 to 0.001) | 0.073 |
| CRF per LM0.54 (W·kg LM−0.54) | −0.024 (−0.054 to 0.006) | 0.120 | −0.032 (−0.062 to −0.003) | 0.033 | −0.033 (−0.064 to −0.003) | 0.032 | −0.034 (−0.064 to −0.005) | 0.024 | −0.033 (−0.063 to −0.003) | 0.032 |
| Adiponectina (μg·mL−1) | 0.10 (0.012 to 0.189) | 0.026 | 0.065 (−0.021 to 0.151) | 0.138 | 0.060 (−0.028 to 0.149) | 0.179 | 0.047 (−0.038 to 0.132) | 0.279 | 0.049 (−0.036 to 0.135) | 0.254 |
| Total fat massa (kg) | −0.369 (−0.429 to −0.310) | <0.0001 | −0.373 (−0.433 to −0.313) | <0.0001 | −0.341 (−0.410 to −0.272) | <0.0001 | −0.299 (−0.362 to −0.236) | <0.0001 | −0.324 (−0.393 to −0.256) | <0.0001 |
| Trunk fat massa (kg) | −0.305 (−0.356 to −0.254) | <0.0001 | −0.308 (−0.359 to −0.257) | <0.0001 | −0.279 (−0.337 to −0.221) | <0.0001 | −0.245 (−0.299 to −0.191) | <0.0001 | −0.265 (−0.323 to −0.206) | <0.0001 |
| Lean mass (kg) | −0.040 (−0.051 to −0.030) | <0.0001 | −0.011 (−0.023 to 0.002) | 0.085 | −0.042 (−0.052 to 0.031) | <0.0001 | 0.005 (−0.008 to 0.018) | 0.445 | 0.002 (−0.011 to 0.016) | 0.765 |
The regression coefficient (β) quantifies the association between dependent and independent variables. A two-sided P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant and is bolded.
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, and total fat mass or cardiorespiratory fitness per lean mass, when the predictor variable is total fat mass. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, lean mass, or cardiorespiratory fitness per lean mass when the predictor variable is lean mass. Model 4: additional adjustment of model 2 for puberty and brachial artery diameter. Model 5: additional adjustment of model 4 for LDL, systolic blood pressure, maternal socioeconomic status, and time (years) between fat mass, lean mass, adiponectin, cardiorespiratory fitness data collection, and measurement of arterial function and structure.
aLogarithm transformation of skewed variables was used in the analyses.
BM, body mass; CI, confidence interval; CRF, cardiorespiratory fitness; LM, lean mass; W, watt.