Table 2.
Clinical and pathology parameters associated with R1 status following distal pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma: univariable and multivariable analysis
| Parameter | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R0 [n = 33] | R1 [n = 91] | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Age, years [mean (SD)] | 67.7 (9.8) | 66.7 (9.9) | 0.6 | ||
| Body mass index [mean (SD)] | 23.8 (4.2) | 25.5 (4.6) | 0.07 | ||
| Male sex | 19 (57.6) | 53 (58.2) | 0.95 | ||
| Preoperative chemotherapy | 2 (6.1) | 7 (7.7) | 1.0 | ||
| Surgeon (senior consultant) | 27 (81.8) | 71 (78) | 0.65 | ||
| Standard resection | 27 (81.8) | 58 (63.7) | 0.06 | ||
| Laparoscopic procedure | 33 (100) | 84 (92.3) | 0.19 | ||
| Conversiona | 1 (3) | 8 (9.5) | 0.44 | ||
| Standardized pathology work-up | 12 (36.4) | 59 (64.8) | 0.005 | 2.9 (1.14–7.2) | 0.025 |
| Poor differentiationb | 4 (12.9) | 34 (40.5) | 0.006 | 3.4 (1.03–11.4) | 0.045 |
| Tumor size, mm [mean (SD)] | 36.8 (18.2) | 46 (18) | 0.014 | – | NS |
| pT stage | 0.019 | ||||
| pT1 | 7 (21.2) | 5 (5.5) | Reference | – | |
| pT2 | 13 (39.4) | 32 (35.2) | – | NS | |
| pT3 | 13 (39.4) | 54 (59.3) | – | NS | |
| pN stage | <0.01 | ||||
| N0 | 18 (54.5) | 19 (20.9) | Reference | – | |
| N1 | 12 (36.4) | 40 (44) | – | NS | |
| N2 | 3 (9.1) | 32 (35.2) | – | NS | |
| Splenic vein invasionc | 4 (28.6) | 34 (56.7) | 0.06 | ||
| Splenic artery invasionc | 0 (0) | 5 (8.3) | 0.58 | ||
| Lymphatic invasion | 17 (51.5) | 67 (73.6) | 0.02 | – | NS |
| Vascular invasion | 15 (45.5) | 73 (80.2) | < 0.01 | 3.65 (1.44–9.3) | 0.006 |
| Perineural invasion | 28 (84.8) | 82 (90.1) | 0.52 | ||
Data are expressed as n (%) unless otherwise specified
OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, NS non-significant, SD standard deviation
aCalculated for laparoscopic cases
bNot applicable in patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy
cInvasion into the splenic vein/artery was not reported in period 1; c-statistic = 0.84