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. 2021 Oct 18;29(1):99–106. doi: 10.1245/s10434-021-10876-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1. — This patient had received 40 Gy X-ray treatment 17 months before carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT). a T1 magnetic resonance imaging before treatment showing a tumor mass in the presacral space (yellow arrow). b Depth-dose distribution of the carbon ion beam in recurrent rectal cancer (red line: 90 % isodose of the prescribed dose). c Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging before treatment. d The PET 48 months after treatment demonstrating disappearance of the left-side wall mass. At this writing, the patient is alive 8 years after CIRT with no signs of recurrence.