Fig. 1. Analysis of biofilm morphologies.
Unpaired t test was used to detect the statistical significances. a Biomass was quantified by CV staining, and the optical density at 575 nm was read. (n = 6; *P < 0.05; ns no significant difference). b Surface characteristics and the 3-D reconstruction of 24 h biofilms (an area of 10 μm × 10 μm, with a bar indicating vertical deviations) with the light (red) and dark (blue) zone representing peaks and valleys. c Surface roughness (Ra) of biofilms was obtained via AFM. (n = 4; *P < 0.05; ns no significant difference). d Adhesion force data were obtained from AFM. (n = 3; *P < 0.05; ns no significant difference)