Table 2.
The results of multivariate cox proportional hazard risk model for overall survival (OS).
| Characteristics | Training cohort (N = 5,094) | Overall cohort (N = 6,792) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p -value | HR (95% CI) | p -value | |
| Age | ||||
| 18–39 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 40–59 | 1.83 (1.25–2.67) | 0.002 | 1.92 (1.38–2.67) | <0.001 |
| 60–79 | 4.35 (3.00–6.31) | <0.001 | 4.44 (3.20–6.17) | <0.001 |
| ≥80 | 9.59 (6.61–13.92) | <0.001 | 10.00 (7.20–13.88) | <0.001 |
| Insurance | ||||
| Insured | Reference | Reference | ||
| Medicaid | 1.34 (1.16–1.55) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.17–1.50) | <0.001 |
| Uninsured | 0.98 (0.69–1.40) | 0.927 | 1.01 (0.74–1.36) | 0.963 |
| Unknown | 1.27 (1.13–1.42) | <0.001 | 1.22 (1.10–1.34) | <0.001 |
| Tumor size | ||||
| <2 cm | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2–4 cm | 1.63 (1.42–1.88) | <0.001 | 1.65 (1.46–1.87) | <0.001 |
| ≥4 cm | 1.96 (1.70–2.26) | <0.001 | 2.05 (1.81–2.32) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.59 (1.36–1.87) | <0.001 | 1.60 (1.39–1.83) | <0.001 |
| Pathological grade | ||||
| Grade I | Reference | Reference | ||
| Grade II | 1.13 (1.00–1.28) | 0.047 | 1.12 (1.00–1.24) | 0.044 |
| Grade III/IV | 1.32 (1.14–1.53) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.16–1.50) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 0.79 (0.68–0.93) | 0.003 | 0.81 (0.70–0.92) | 0.002 |
| Radiotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.93 (0.81–1.07) | 0.298 | 0.91 (0.81–1.03) | 0.139 |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| No/unknown | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.74 (0.63–0.87) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.62–0.81) | <0.001 |
| Invasion depth | ||||
| <1 mm | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥1 mm | 1.56 (1.28–1.91) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.32–1.86) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.65 (1.37–2.00) | <0.001 | 1.63 (1.38–1.92) | <0.001 |
| Lymphadenectomy | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.71 (0.63–0.79) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.68–0.84) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.53 (0.93–2.52) | 0.094 | 1.55 (1.00–2.42) | 0.052 |
| SLNB | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.60 (0.48–0.76) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.46–0.70) | <0.001 |
| Surgery | ||||
| None | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.49 (0.42–0.57) | <0.001 | 0.45 (0.40–0.52) | <0.001 |
| N stage | ||||
| N0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| N1 | 1.91 (1.65–2.21) | <0.001 | 1.94 (1.71–2.20) | <0.001 |
| N2 | 2.69 (2.24–3.24) | <0.001 | 2.70 (2.31–3.16) | <0.001 |
| N3 | 3.50 (2.50–4.89) | <0.001 | 3.06 (2.26–4.15) | <0.001 |
| NX | 1.36 (1.07–1.73) | 0.014 | 1.40 (1.12–1.75) | 0.004 |
| M stage | ||||
| M0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| M1 | 2.04 (1.60–2.60) | <0.001 | 2.04 (1.67–2.49) | <0.001 |
| MX | 1.22 (0.88–1.70) | 0.240 | 1.06 (0.77–1.47) | 0.706 |
HR, hazard ratio; SLNB, sentinel lymph node biopsy.