Table 3.
The results of multivariate cox proportional hazard risk model for cancer-specific survival (CSS).
| Characteristics | Training cohort (N = 5,094) | Overall cohort (N = 6,792) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p -value | HR (95% CI) | p -value | |
| Age | ||||
| 18–39 | Reference | Reference | ||
| 40–59 | 1.73 (1.09–2.75) | 0.021 | 1.65 (1.11–2.44) | 0.012 |
| 60–79 | 3.80 (2.40–6.01) | <0.001 | 3.47 (2.35–5.10) | <0.001 |
| ≥80 | 7.36 (4.64–11.66) | <0.001 | 6.79 (4.61–10.02) | <0.001 |
| Insurance | ||||
| Insured | Reference | Reference | ||
| Medicaid | 1.28 (1.08–1.52) | 0.005 | 1.25 (1.07–1.45) | 0.004 |
| Uninsured | 1.06 (0.70–1.60) | 0.792 | 1.04 (0.73–1.49) | 0.817 |
| Unknown | 1.27 (1.10–1.47) | 0.001 | 1.21 (1.07–1.37) | 0.002 |
| Tumor size | ||||
| <2 cm | Reference | Reference | ||
| 2–4 cm | 1.86 (1.52–2.29) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.60–2.30) | <0.001 |
| ≥4 cm | 2.20 (1.79–2.71) | <0.001 | 2.33 (1.95–2.79) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.89 (1.51–2.36) | <0.001 | 1.93 (1.59–2.34) | <0.001 |
| Pathological grade | ||||
| Grade I | Reference | Reference | ||
| Grade II | 1.13 (0.97–1.33) | 0.117 | 1.15 (1.00–1.32) | 0.054 |
| Grade III/IV | 1.36 (1.13–1.64) | 0.001 | 1.43 (1.22–1.68) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 0.65 (0.53–0.80) | <0.001 | 0.70 (0.59–0.84) | <0.001 |
| Radiotherapy | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.09 (0.91–1.29) | 0.344 | 1.07 (0.92–1.24) | 0.372 |
| Chemotherapy | ||||
| No/unknown | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.79 (0.66–0.94) | 0.010 | 0.71 (0.61–0.83) | <0.001 |
| Invasion depth | ||||
| <1 mm | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥1 mm | 1.72 (1.26–2.35) | 0.001 | 1.77 (1.35–2.34) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.77 (1.31–2.40) | <0.001 | 1.91 (1.46–2.50) | <0.001 |
| Lymphadenectomy | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) | 0.027 | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 0.126 |
| Unknown | 1.56 (0.79–3.10) | 0.201 | 1.58 (0.92–2.72) | 0.094 |
| SLNB | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.54 (0.39–0.75) | <0.001 | 0.55 (0.42–0.73) | <0.001 |
| Surgery | ||||
| None | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.39 (0.32–0.47) | <0.001 | 0.38 (0.32–0.45) | <0.001 |
| N stage | ||||
| N0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| N1 | 2.36 (1.98–2.81) | <0.001 | 2.43 (2.09–2.82) | <0.001 |
| N2 | 3.38 (2.77–4.14) | <0.001 | 3.47 (2.93–4.12) | <0.001 |
| N3 | 3.99 (2.70–5.90) | <0.001 | 3.80 (2.72–5.32) | <0.001 |
| NX | 1.72 (1.27–2.33) | <0.001 | 1.85 (1.42–2.43) | <0.001 |
| M stage | ||||
| M0 | Reference | Reference | ||
| M1 | 2.18 (1.69–2.80) | <0.001 | 2.28 (1.85–2.81) | <0.001 |
| MX | 1.00 (0.66–1.50) | 0.984 | 0.91 (0.62–1.33) | 0.618 |
HR, hazard ratio; SLNB, sentinel lymph node biopsy.